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The importance of scientific revolution
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The Scientific Revolution
For my book review, I have read and evaluated Steven Shapin’s popular book entitled
The Scientific Revolution published in 1996. This book was approximately two hundred pages mostly illustrating a series of changes in scientific practice involving the way scientists develop specific works and theories. The following review of Steven Shapin’s work will include a summary of the book’s content along with a description of its major strengths and weaknesses.
Shapin challenges the twentieth-century historiography that somewhat came up with the idea of the Scientific Revolution; however, he doesn’t hesitate to acknowledge the remarkable scientific activity occurring throughout this time period. This book makes it easy to
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Mistakes are made and something can easily go wrong if one looks at a fellow scientist’s report and misreads the information. Shapin examined and observed what people did when studying science to better his interpretations of it.
In Shapin’s third and final chapter, he focuses on the new science and what people hoped to get out of it. This part of his writing talks about religion and the effect it had during both the current and previous situations in the world. Also, he stresses the overview of the social and political uses of science. As humans, we like to make up ideas about history, ultimately passing down information that is false. After reading all three sections, I believe that there was indeed such thing as The Scientific Revolution. Shapin explains how scientific critics might as well be scientists and would do a better job than philosophers or historians. Although Shapin disagrees that science is described in any other way than his own, he defines science as “certainly the most reliable body of natural knowledge we have got” (165), and he still believes this even if
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The Scientific Revolution is portrayed in a way of understanding the drastic events that have shaped the modern world and how we view it today. The structure of scientific knowledge is believed to be the process which is socially driven; however, Shapin expresses that it is historically impacted. His way of interpreting The Scientific Revolution is by taking ideas of early philosophers and combining them to make a greater impact physically, socially, and mentally. Shapin uses a determined and straight-forward tone throughout the story in order to gain an awareness of the connections between the past to our present-day society. I feel as if his tone made it easy to understand the drastic changes and events during this time, although, it was difficult to understand how Shapin was thinking and I believe it could be more structured and organized. Shapin stresses the new ideas in science and goes more in depth with the context, yet, he also spends time to discuss what people did to practice science and how they came up with the idea of The Scientific Revolution. Not only does Shapin help readers understand his beliefs
Modern scientific trends developed from philosophies of the past, they are part of the philosophical path that a philosopher must walk when undergoing self-reflection. They are a presentation of modern-day prejudices, which the philosopher must seek to understand and overcome
Directions: Read the essay entitled The Scientific Revolution: The Disenchanting of the Universe and respond to each of the following questions as thoroughly as possible. Your answers can be either hand-written (in ink) or word-processed. However, you must paraphrase—answer in your own words. If you quote directly from the essay, you should then interpret the quote.
In conclusion, the Scientific Revolution helped influence the great thinkers of the Enlightenment and the future progress of mankind. Paine, Franklin, and Condorcet all used reason and logic when examining the former tyrannies of religion and the teachings of the middle ages. They removed the dogma and doctrine and extracted what was good and valuable for the teaching and improvement of mankind.
The scientific revolution can be considered one of the biggest turning points in European history. Because of new scientific ideas and theories, a new dawn of thinking and questioning of natural elements had evolved. Scientific revolution thinkers such as Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus all saw nature as unknowable and wanted to separate myths from reality. During the scientific revolution during mid 1500-late 1600s, key figures such as Isaac Newton and Nicolaus Copernicus greatly impacted Europe in terms of astronomical discoveries, scientific methods, and the questioning of God to challenge the church’s teachings.
Thomas Kuhn, an American Philosopher of Science in the twentieth century, introduced the controversial idea of "paradigm shifts" in his 1962 book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions." This essay will discuss paradigm shifts, scientific revolutions, mop up work, and other key topics that Kuhn writes about in "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" in great detail. This essay will explain what Kuhn means by mop up work, by drawing on the broader view of paradigms that he presents and explaining how paradigms are born and develop such that they structure the activities of normal science in specific ways, and this essay will show how this kind of mop up work can, in certain circumstances, lead to a new paradigm instead of more normal science.
...f truth as a revelation had become doubtful, and with it the unquestioning faith in a revealed God” was said by Arendt yet throughout Shapin’s The Scientific Revolution he notes that some modern scientists and 17th century natural philosophers believed that “God’s Book of Nature as a source of truth”(p. 136). Shapin also suggests that God can still exist with science because God was a creation of science in order to explain the workings of the universe. Overall Shapin is in agreement with the quote from Arendt, and they both agree that science is a working hypothesis that is constantly changing and growing to fit man’s needs. Throughout time this has occurred, the improving on nature to improve man’s life. It is quite possible from what we have read that they both believe that the improvement on nature will further man, but still cannot take man to perfection.
Religion and science are complementary elements to our society. The notion that religion and science should not be merged together, does not mean neglecting to understand the parallel relation between these two concepts and will result in a better understanding of our surroundings. This will put an end to our scientific research and advancement because we will be relying on answers provided by religious books to answer our questions. If we don’t argue whether these answers are right or wrong, we would never have studied space stars or the universe or even our environment and earthly animals. These studies have always provided us with breakthroughs, inventions and discoveries that made our lives better.
...wever, in the best interest of advancing education and an enlightened society, science must be pursued outside of the realm of faith and religion. There are obvious faith-based and untestable aspects of religion, but to interfere and cross over into everyday affairs of knowledge should not occur in the informational age. This overbearing aspect of the Church’s influence was put in check with the scientific era, and the Scientific Revolution in a sense established the facet of logic in society, which allows us to not only live more efficiently, but intelligently as well. It should not take away from the faith aspect of religion, but serve to enhance it.
The revolution brought about many radical changes and ideas that helped to strengthen it and the scientists that helped to bring it about became significant persons in history. "The emergence of a scientific community is one of the distinguishing marks of the Scientific Revolution."2 It was this form of community that gave a foundation for open thinking and observing throughout the sixteenth century and through twenty-first century. It was the first revolution that had more of a dedication to the ongoing process of science than of a goal to achieve scientific knowledge.3
Thomas Kuhn’s essay, The Structure of Scientific Revolution, follows a very logical and chronological composition. Staying true to the title, it sequentially follows the occurrence of a “scientific revolution” from Kuhn’s perspective, ultimately giving revolutions of this sort a recognizable, formulaic pattern. The book is divided into thirteen sections, each detailing a certain aspect of this process. After a brief overview that vaguely introduces his thesis and familiarizes the reader with some of the terms he’ll be using frequently throughout the book – such as normal science, paradigm, and scientific revolution – Kuhn begins with a few sections depicting what precedes a scientific revolution. Section 2, The Route to Normal Science, describes
The changes produced during the Scientific Revolution were not rapid but developed slowly and in an experimental way. Although its effects were highly influential, the forerunners Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon, and Rene Descartes only had a few hundred followers. Each pioneered unique ideas that challenged the current views of human beingsí relationship with nature. With the backing of empirical observation and mathematical proof, these ideas slowly gained acceptance. As a result, the operation of society, along with prior grounds for faith were reconsidered. Their ideas promoted change and reform for humansí well-being on earth.
Over the course of the years, society has been reformed by new ideas of science. We learn more and more about global warming, outer space, and technology. However, this pattern of gaining knowledge did not pick up significantly until the Scientific Revolution. In the sixteenth and seventeenth century, the Scientific Revolution started, which concerned the fields of astronomy, mechanics, and medicine. These new scientists used math and observations strongly contradicting religious thought at the time, which was dependent on the Aristotelian-Ptolemy theory. However, astronomers like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton accepted the heliocentric theory. Astronomical findings of the Scientific Revolution disproved the fact that humans were the center of everything, ultimately causing people to question theology’s role in science and sparking the idea that people were capable of reasoning for themselves.
As Europe began to move out of the Renaissance, it brought with it many of the beliefs of that era. The continent now carried a questioning spirit and was eager for more to study and learn. Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, many discoveries were made in subjects all across the realm of science, but it was the doubting and testing of old traditions and authorities that truly made this time into a revolution. The Scientific Revolution challenged the authority of the past by changing the view of nature from a mysterious entity to a study of mathematics, looking to scientific research instead of the Church, and teaching that there was much knowledge of science left to be discovered.
middle of paper ... ... Lindberg, David C. Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution. Eds. David C. Lindberg and Robert S. Westman.