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Over the years, the name of Rogers' theory has changed from non-directive counseling to client-centered therapy, and then to person-centered therapy. However, Rogers (1995) affirms that the "person-centered approach seems [to be] the most descriptive" title for his theory (p. 115). The Person-Centered approach can be best described as a theory that embraces a consistent and organized set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself. It is a phenomenological theory that "aims directly towards the greater independence and integration of the individual" (Rogers, 1942, p. 28). In terms of human nature, Rogers viewed individuals as being innately good and trustworthy. Rogers (1995) believed that human beings "have within themselves vast resources for self-understanding and for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes, and self- directed behaviors" (p. 115). His concept of humanity was very contrasting from those in the psychoanalytic and behaviorist forces. He contended that each individual had free will and …show more content…
288). Aside from his resistance to creating a theory, according to Tan (2011), Rogers also developed a theory of psychotherapy in light his Person-Centered approach (p. 132). Nevertheless, his personal preference was to serve people and not to construct theories that implied measures of finality. To his understanding, theories were fallible and changing attempts to construct facts. Therefore, the main focus of his theory is the individual, not the psychological problem. His theory of personality consists of nineteen complex propositions, but can be reduced to four features: self-theory, phenomenology and the valuing of experience, learning and growth potential, and conditions of worth (Tan, 2011, p.
The Core Dimensions of Helping was originally a theory developed by Carl Rogers, a researcher of psychotherapy process and outcome. Later, researcher
This approach emphasizes the importance of the potential of humans and sought to make up for the missing component of conscious in the psychodynamic approach. The humanistic approach oriented psychologist has the belief that human behavior is guided by intent and the individual’s set of values (Association, 2014). Those who subscribe to this orientation believe there are both an unconscious and a conscious element to determining behavior. The unconscious element is considered to be the individual’s application of learned norms and experience, while the conscious element is applied by making deliberate choices and decisions. A humanistic oriented practitioner will use differing types of therapy such as client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, or existential therapy (American Psychological, 2015). Client-centered therapy or person-centered therapy was developed by Carl Rogers and places the client as the leader of the therapy. This approach allows for the growth and better understanding of self within the individual, as they solve their own problems, while the therapist is there to provide empathetic support (Australian, 2010). Gestalt therapy focuses on the responsibility of the individual for their current situation and considers relationships, environment, and social experiences occurring, and influencing behavior (Polster & Polster, 2010). This process consists of the practitioner acting as a guide and offer advise in helping the client to deal with their current issue. Existential therapy consists of allowing an individual the ability to live with their issues within their own existence (Price, 2011). This means a therapist uses this type of therapy to assist clients with understanding what the present problem is and learning to deal with the consequences of that issue in their every day life. With
The Person-centred theory takes an approach which looks at personality and human relationships. Rodgers believed that those who are psychologically healthy are said to have ‘positive self-concept’ which is made up of three different parts: self-image, self-esteem and ideal self. Self-image is the way the individual sees them self for example how they see their own personal qualities or how they see their body image. Self-esteem is how the individuals feels for example do they feel they are valued by their family, friends or society. Lastly our ideal self is the way the individual would like to be for example healthier, more confident etc. Rodgers believed that by using the ‘core conditions’ the helper, in this case me, would be able to help the individual as much as possible I must show unconditional positive regard, congruence and empathy. To promote unconditional positive regard I must help the individual accept themselves by treating him fairly, using polite and encouraging language despite his aggression towards our staff and not expecting too much from him in regards to his health improvements. To show congruence to the patient I was open, honest and sincere with him to allow him to gain my trust to allow him to open up freely in hope that he would feel more comfortable around me. I also encouraged the patient to become more confident in himself and help him to want to get better and create a better ideal self. To do this I gave him some motivation to get up in the morning and get washed and changed to help him feel fresher and in regards to his homelessness I tried my best to ensure we were doing all we can to get him in contact with the correct sources to change his living situations. By using the person-centred approach and the core conditions I could see a large improvement in the therapeutic relationship between me and Mr Grey as he was
As the field of counseling continues to progress numerous theoretical orientations have been developed. One theoretical approach to counseling has been coined as person centered counseling or client centered therapy. This type of approach is commonly referred to as Rogerian psychotherapy. Rogerian therapy focuses on the empowerment of individuals with the inner self. These constructs are vital to ensuring and promoting a transparent and honest atmosphere which subsequently results in effective counseling. The behaviors that are found in client centered counseling are valuable as they motivate the client to explore their "hidden feelings" and become aware of where their feelings derive from. Being afforded the rare opportunity to see Rogers
Rogers, C. R. (1961). A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy. On Becoming a Person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
It is inevitable that in psychotherapy there are numerous theories. Theories arise out of scholarly investigations of ideas on human behavior. Human behavior is an extraordinarily interesting subject and therefore produces a plethora of ideas from a variety of theorists. These theorists are influenced by their education, culture, and time period. One influential theorist is Carl Rogers. His contributions to human behavior have changed many of the theories that preceded him, and his theory contributed to many theories that followed.
Some of the reason I find Rogers’ theory interesting is because of the “humanistic psychology emphasizes the active role of the individual in shaping their internal and external worlds, the person is also active, creative, and experiencing being who lives in the present and responds to current perceptions, relationships and encounters, the basic instinct to succeed, and the potential for goodness.” I believe that no matter where you come from or who your family is you can succeed and we should always strive to be the best person we can be and a positive self-concept can help us accomplish this goal. “One theory as to why having a positive outlook enables you to cope better with stressful
...entation, or several, in which they choose to practice in their professional career. Psychoanalysis and Person-Centered Therapy are just two, out of over four hundred types, of counseling approaches in use today. The constructs and theories are extremely different, however, neither can be considered right nor wrong. They are simply based on different beliefs, assumptions and viewpoints of human development and their behavior. Although, however different and unique, there are still similarities between the two types of therapy approaches. Through case examples, such as the case of D and the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, the techniques and outcomes of different treatment approaches can be see in real life examples. Past research and writing support brings about contradictions, criticism and treatment outcomes to the theories and those who developed them.
The therapist tries to provide the client with a safe, responsive, and caring relationship to develop self-exploration, growth, and healing. (Corey, pg. 177) Person-centered therapy core is that all humans are trustworthy and positive. That people can make changes in the way they live and have effective lives, and try to strive toward self-actualization. The reason for this therapeutic type is to strive towards the right growth conditions for the client, and to help a client move forward and fulfill their creative nature. The main theorist behind person-centered therapy is humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
The Rogerian school of thought was developed by Carl Rogers and deviated from Freud’s psychoanalytic and the behavioral theories that were popular at the time. The Rogerian or client-centered approach was seen as an alternative to the then-dominant models in American psychology of behaviorism and psychoanalysis and as such became aligned with the emerging third force of humanistic psychology (Joseph & Murphy, 2012). The Rogerian approach does not rely on stages of development or conditioned responses to create a behavior change in the client. The Rogerian approach is primarily focused on the individual personal experience of the client. Behavior change is accomplished through the process of self-actualization. Self-actualization motivates an individual to seek the full potential of their abilities. Rogers views human beings as inherently good and they desire to self-actualize (Peltier, 2009). Rogerian thought is also commonly referred to as person-centered, client based, or the emphatic approach.
During therapy the importance of subjective experiences, the existence of the ability of personal growth and the importance of goal-directed meanings in life are emphasised (Frankl, 1959). Furthermore, the importance of the proper circumstances for the growth of self-concept (Rogers, 1959), the necessity of self-actualization and recognition of one's potential, accentuation of joy as part of life and authenticity are stimulated (Cave, 1999). The client is motivated to make one's own decisions without the intervention of the therapy leader. Focus is placed on present rather than on past and the therapist is more like an active listener. Roger's therapy was argued (Truax, 1996) that it is a simple form of behaviour therapy as it is using positive reinforcement. The humanistic therapy also incorporates other used techniques, such the already discussed Roger's person-centered therapy, Berne's (1964) transactional analysis, Perl's (1969) gestalt therapy, conjoint therapy, milieu therapy (Jones, 1953). These approaches are most useful with specific individuals, not with patients with particular disorders. Patients do acquire benefits from humanistic therapy approaches, however difficulty arises from the point of view whether science can adequately measure what the therapist finds meaningful about the changes they perceive during therapy (Yalom, 1980). The
Reflecting on the Person-Centered Therapy, it is similar to the Existential Therapy because it focuses on the client/therapist relationship, where the therapist needs to be totally genuine, empathetic and non-judgmental toward their clients in order to gain the client’s trust. I like the fact that the Person-Centered Therapy views the client as their best authority on their own experience, and being fully capable of fulfilling their own potential for growth. I also like the fact that the therapist is non-directive, does not give advice and there is no specific technique involved. Person Centered Therapy can basically develop their own technique as their relationship develop with the client.
The person-centred theory it is an approach that emphasize on a person’s subjective point of view (Weiten, 2014). The approach is concerned chiefly with one’s own interests, well-being, etc. Basically the self or self-concept (Rogers, 1959). Rogers (1959) state the person-centred approach, as an approach that apply the person-centred approach to the therapy situation; and to understand human relationship in different areas of life such as psychotherapy and counselling (client-centred therapy), education (student-centred learning) organization and other group setting (Rogers, 1959).
Two proponents most noted for humanistic approaches to personality are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Both the Person-Centered Theory (Rogers) and the Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow) considered that humans ' true nature was good and that each has the potential for growth. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrates a compatibility between theory and practice. Furthermore, each approach focuses on individual choices and rejects the theory that biology will determine human potential.
Alongside Freud there was Karen Horney and Carol Jung. Horney rejected the classical psychodynamic concept. Her view emphasized women’s positive qualities and self-evaluation. Jung believed that the roots of personality dates back all the way to the dawn of human existence. Jung’s theory contained the concepts of the collective unconscious and archetypes. Along with the psychodynamic theory we have the humanistic theory, the humanistic theory views stressing a person’s capacity for growth and positive human qualities. Abraham Maslow thought that we would better understand personality by focusing on examples ...