The pathophysiological difference between rickets and gout is obvious. Rickets is a disease consisting of soft bone usually in children. The medical term for softening of the bone is osteomalacia and is the term used when describing rickets to a patient. The anatomy and physiology of rickets starts when the osteoid (bone appearance, structure) does not calcify correctly within the body. Inside the blood stream, vitamin D travels throughout the body until the liver is reached. When in the liver, vitamin D is converted to calcidiol (hardening substance) and pushed to the kidneys where the process ends. The kidneys transform calcidiol into the final form of vitamin D called calcitriol. Calcitriol absorbs calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. Rickets occurs when calcitriol is not present in the kidneys. …show more content…
Gout is made up of crystals also called monosodium urate (MSU).
In other words, uric acid crystals that result in joint diseases if not treated correctly. The medical term used to describe gout is hyperuricemia (over normal levels of uric acid production). The process of uric acid development begins with purines which is an organic compound that results from food consumed. The greater the purine intake the more uric acid. Purines are presented in the body from consumption of red meat, alcohol, sea foods, and high fructose beverages. The over production of uric acid then targets small joints because urate dissolves worse in synovial fluid which is found in smaller joints such as the elbow, toe, or foot. The etiology of rickets is simply consuming more vitamin D in your diet. Without vitamin D, normal formation of bones will not occur. Gout however, is more difficult. An individual must avoid large amounts of red meat, shellfish, processed foods, and sugary beverages. Both chronic and acute forms of gout and rickets, include the same treatment. The signs and symptoms of rickets include: pain in the bones and weakness or cramping within the
muscles. Signs include: deformities or the chest, skull, legs, or ribs. One may also notice slow growth with someone diagnosed with rickets. The signs and symptoms of gout include: pain with the feet, knees, ankles, or elbows. One may also feel stiff and experience swelling. Signs are deformity outside the skin or redness. The prognosis of rickets is usually successful depending on the time frame or when the disease is noticed. A patient must increase his of her vitamin D and calcium intake. If rickets is chronic within a patient, the healing process is much more difficult but not impossible. Vitamin D and calcium allow bones to build and move into more natural positions. If rickets is acute, the disease is cured with ease. The prognosis of gout is also simple being that the limitation of certain foods is the answer. Chronic stages of gout rely on medicine such as NSAID, but acute stages rely only on changing a patient’s diet.
In order to study the gene mutation that is supposed to cause Paget’s Bone Disease researchers had to have viable candidates to host the gene mutation. They found the best candidate to host the gene mutation in mice so they implanted the gene mutation in embryos of mice offspring. The researchers hypothesized that p62P394L is sufficient to induce PDB, especially since the p62 gene is responsible for encoding 62 kDa protein which functions in signaling osteoclast precursors. Results were found by fixing the first through fifth lumbar vertebra of four, eight, and twelve month old homozygote, heterozygote and WT littermates in 10% buffered formalin for 24- 48 hours. The first through fourth vertebra were then completely decalcified while the fifth was not. Longitudinal sections of both decalcified and undecalcified vertebra were cut, mounted on glass slides and stained to analyze. The mice with p62P394L had histologically normal bones, indicating that p62 mutation is not enough to induce Paget’s disease of the bone in vivo, there are additional factors necessary. Knowing osteitis deformas is due to hyper responsive multinucleated osteoclasts, it seemed a sensible suggestion. However, there are many other variables that should be factored when considering possible causes for osteoclast hyperformation. If p62P349L is present, doesn’t necessarily mean a person will get PDB, though an environmental factor such as measles could easily open up transduction pathways that could eventually lead to pagetic bone lesions. We find this study to be a stepping stone for future researchers to use in order to actually identify what causes Paget’s bone disease. (Hiruma, Kurihara, Subler, Zhou, Boykin, Zhang, Ishizuka, Dempster, Roodman & Wi...
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissue (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017). This disease affects the entire body, which is called a systemic (means entire body) disease. Arthritis is derived from the word part arthr-, which means “joint,” and -itis, which means “inflammation,” so altogether it means “inflammation of the joints.” It creates inflammation that causes the tissue that lines the inside of joints (synovium) to thicken. About 1.5 million people in the U.S. are affected. It affects all races, but it affects three times as many women than men (What is Rheumatoid Arthritis, n.d.). Overtime, rheumatoid arthritis causes painful swelling that can potentially result in bone erosion or joint deformity, which leads up to physical disabilities. RA can affect more than just your joints, but can spread to body systems, skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, e.t.c (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017).
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, it affects millions of people around the world. It is also known as Degenerative Joint Disease or Degenerative Arthritis or Wear & Tear Arthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage in the joints wear down over time. While osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body, it more often is seen in the knees, hips, hands, neck, and lower back it worsens as you grow older and has no known cure.
In historical times it was linked to rich lifestyles heavy in meat and alcohol, it was often referred to as “disease of the kings” for this reason. In recent times it has been discovered which particular foods and lifestyles trigger gout. In most cases it is caused by too much uric acid in the blood,. An excess of uric acid is also known as hyperuricemia. This surplus of uric acid can lead to a build up of fluid surrounding the joints which form small crystals inside and around the joints. Gout typically results from genetic and environmental factors (Rheumatology (2009) 48 (suppl 2): ii2-ii8). These crystals cause intense pain, inflammation and swelling, this can be very debilitating to the sufferer. Symptoms of gout develop very quickly over a period of hours and can remain for between three and ten days, after this attack the joint usually returns to normal. Certain treatments however can alleviate symptoms. While Gout has an affinity for the toes, it can affect any joint. Besides the toes, it is most common in the ankles, knees and fingers. Fortunately Gout can be controlled be medications, lifestyle and dietary changes. Despite the genetic link to the development of gout, many lifestyle changes can aid in the
Osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as “brittle bones disease,” is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body’s production of type I collagen, which is the major protein of the body’s connective tissue. Generally, people affected with OI either have too little of type I collagen, or the quality of it is poor. Collagen defects account for about 85%.1 However, proteins in the bones may be affected in some of the more uncommon forms of OI. Because of this defect, people with OI have fragile bones, which break easily without an apparent cause.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints and connective tissue. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses that occur when the bodys tissue is mistakenly attacked by its own immune system. The immunes system is primarly organized to look for infections and destroy them, patients with rheumatoid arthritis have antibodies in their blood which target their own tissue which leads to inflammation. RA is basically a chronic syndrome that is characterized by inflammation of the peripheral joints, but it may also involve the lungs, the heart, the blood vessels and eyes.
The definition of rickets: a disease mainly of children, characterized by softening of developing bone, malnutrition, and enlargement of the liver and spleen, caused by a lack of vitamin D, causing led bones to bend and other symptoms
...a casein-free diet was 19.9ng⁄mL, for participants not on a casein-free diet it was 19.6ng⁄mL, and for controls it was 17ng⁄mL. There were no differences in the measurements of 25 (OH) D in all groups. About sixty-one percent, fifty-four children, had concentrations of less than 20ng⁄mL. This is the minimum concentration recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to ensure good bone health. These children could be at risk for problems associated with vitamin D deficiency. This includes concerns with bone health and calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Children with autism spectrum disorder are limited to what activities they can do and usually are not exposed to much sunlight causing them to be at a greater risk. Understanding the needs and taking preventive measures for children with autism will help reduce the risk of health problems as they enter adulthood.
The gums bleed easily around the teeth, and capillaries under the skin break spontaneously, producing pinpoint hemorrhages. When vitamin C concentrations fall to about a fifth of optimal levels, scurvy symptoms begin to appear. Inadequate collagen synthesis causes further hemorrhaging. Muscles, including the heart muscle, degenerate. The skin becomes rough, brown, scaly, and dry. Wounds fail to heal because scar tissue will not form. Bone rebuilding falters; the ends of the long bones become softened, malformed, and painful, and fractures develop. The teeth become loose as the cartilage around them
Citrus fruits such as oranges and grapefruit and their juices are rich in vitamin C. Broccoli, strawberries, cantaloupe, baked potatoes, and tomatoes are rich with Vitamin C. Vitamin C deficiency is rare. For those people who do not get enough vitamin C, they result with Vitamin C deficiency, which means lacking of sufficient amount of vitamin C in diet. Overtime, lacking of vitamin C cause the inability to form new collagen. This causes breaking down various tissues in our bodies, which affects tissues' repair and health. Scurvy is one of the serious disease that comes out with vitamin C deficiency. This disease causes various tissues sign and symptoms such as: fatigue, inflammation of the gums, small red or purple spots on the skin, joint pain, poor wound healing, corkscrew hairs, swelling , bleeding gums and loosening or loss of teeth is an example. Also, Rickets, Beriberi and Pellagra are names of diseases that caused by lack of vitamin
The big picture. Where the two schools of medicine differ is in philosophy. Doctors of osteopathy "treat people, not just symptoms," says Karen Nichols, dean of the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine. "The course list looks exactly the same, but the M.D.'s focus is on discrete organs. The osteopathic focus is that all of those pieces are interrelated. You can't affect one with out affecting another." That means paying more than simple lip service to the idea of the "whole" patient: It means that diagnosis and treatment rely on an examination of a person's environment and family and general situation as well as his or her body. Not surprisingly, about 65 percent of the nation's 52,000 licensed osteopaths (by comparison, the country boasts at least 900,000 M.D.'s) are primary-care physicians. The American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine has a description of osteopathic training, as well as short profiles of 20 schools, at www.aacom.org. The D.O. programs and their contact information are listed in the directory section of this book.
Rickets is a bone disorder found in children that causes the bones to soften and weaken before the fusion of the growth plate. The adult version of this disease is called osteomalacia. In both adults and children it is caused by a long term and extreme vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D allows for calcium and phosphorous to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract which is necessary for bones to have their mechanical properties. In children Rickets can result in bone pain, slow growth, increase risk of fractures and bone deformities, such as scoliosis, bowed legs, and thickening of the ankles, wrists, and knees.
Rickets is a bone disease that occurs in children as a result of a Vitamin D deficiency. This disease, which was nearly eradicated in the early 20th century, has become a re-emerging health concern for various countries in the past ten years. Certain factors such as poor nutrition as a result of low socioeconomic status or high concentrations of melanin in the skin can increase the chances of getting rickets. Sufficient Vitamin D levels are crucial to the functioning of the body, especially in the absorption of calcium. This essay will examine the causes, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of rickets; as well as the importance of Vitamin D and calcium in the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Calcium, an essential mineral for optimal health, supports the strengthening of the skeleton and dentition of an individual. Teeth and bones function as repositories for 99% of the body's calcium. The skeleton undergoes a process of continual change or remodeling as new bone, created by cells known as osteoblasts, is deposited to take the place of bone, broken down during resorption. In childhood and adolescence, new bone is deposited at a faster rate than existing bone is resorped. A calcium deficiency during these years can result in rickets. During an individual’s twenties, the body’s mass of bone reaches its peak. This peak is influenced by genetic and environmental issues, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors, such as the use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. As a person ages, bone resorps faster than the new bone can be formed. For women, a reduction in the hormone estrogen following th...
Vitamin D is a necessary component for calcium absorption to prevent boss loss. Nutritionally our body can create vitamin D by sun exposure however many factors can prevent our bodies to create vitamin D such as using sunblock or not getting enough sun exposer from daily routine. Vitamin D can be found in many foods that we such as milk including almond milk, eggs yolks, saltwater fish, and liver. Other vitamins that can help prevent bone loss are vitamin A and C. Vitamin C is an antioxidant which helps reduce oxidative stress which can have a negative effect on the cells in the body. This helps protect against inflammation which takes away calcium from the bones. Vitamin C can be found in many foods such as papaya, bell peppers, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, strawberries, pineapples, oranges and kiwifruit and fruit juices have supplement vitamins. Vitamin A is important for bone growth, vision, cell division and cell differentiation. There are two different forms of vitamin A are retinol and beta-carotene. Retinol can be found in meat, poultry, fish and dairy products while beta-carotene can be found in fruits, vegetables and