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Osteoaritism
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Osteoarthritis
Michele A. McCarthy
Everest - MIBC
ICD – 9 code 715.9
05/16/14
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, it affects millions of people around the world. It is also known as Degenerative Joint Disease or Degenerative Arthritis or Wear & Tear Arthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage in the joints wear down over time. While osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body, it more often is seen in the knees, hips, hands, neck, and lower back it worsens as you grow older and has no known cure. Symptoms of osteoarthritis often develop slowly and worsen over the years. Signs and symptoms include: pain in joints, tenderness, stiffness, loss of flexibility, grating sensation joints (from bone on bone), and bone spurs. If the stiffness and or pain goes on longer than a few weeks m...
The suspensory ligament is found down the back of the cannon bone that starts just below the knee or hock and splits into two parts that pass around the back of the ankle and end on the front of the long pastern bone. Acute front suspensory ligament injuries are most commonly found in eventers and jumpers due to the speed and the increasing load on the forelimbs from jumping and the chance of misstep.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and an autoimmune disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s tissue (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017). This disease affects the entire body, which is called a systemic (means entire body) disease. Arthritis is derived from the word part arthr-, which means “joint,” and -itis, which means “inflammation,” so altogether it means “inflammation of the joints.” It creates inflammation that causes the tissue that lines the inside of joints (synovium) to thicken. About 1.5 million people in the U.S. are affected. It affects all races, but it affects three times as many women than men (What is Rheumatoid Arthritis, n.d.). Overtime, rheumatoid arthritis causes painful swelling that can potentially result in bone erosion or joint deformity, which leads up to physical disabilities. RA can affect more than just your joints, but can spread to body systems, skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, e.t.c (Rheumatoid arthritis, 2017).
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition that primarily affects the hands, spine and the ankles and hips. It is known to be associated with aging, and is concerned with the cartilage that protects the joints (the meeting place of two bones). Normal cartilage allows for bones to slide over each other uniformly, acting as a shock absorber to any damage. However cartilage in osteoarthritis, located at the ends of the bones erodes and deteriorates, causing friction and hence pain, swelling and restricted movement. Therefore in osteoarthritic both the composition and appearance of the cartilage alters, while the body attempts to repair this damaged cartilage is broken down faster than it can be built up. A defective repair process can cause bone overgrowth, bone spur/osteocytes to form which can be seen at the ends of the joints. In osteoarthritis the bones come in close contact with each other, and wear away leaving the bone exposed and unprotected.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting more than 27 million Americans (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). It is caused when the cartilage in the joints breaks down, causing the bones of the joint to rub against one another. This causes pain, stiffness, and loss of motion in the joint. Osteoarthritis is most prevalent in those 65 and older, but can affect those of any age. In addition, African Americans and Hispanics report a higher incidence of arthritis than Caucasians (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). Although the cause is unknown, it is believed that the increasing age of the population, prevalence of obesity and injuries add to the progression of the condition. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body; however, those of the hand, hip, and knee are often the most common. This condition may be asymptomatic, or may present symptoms including soreness, stiffness and pain. The symptoms are more common in the older population, those with limited activity levels, and those who are obese. Joint cartilage thins over time, causing an increased risk for symptoms in the elderly, and obesity puts extra pressure on the joints during activity. Osteoarthritis is commonly diagnosed with the use of a physical assessment along with results of radiology testing such as X-Ray and MRI.
Have you ever been injured? By sports? If so, what injury did you have? Did you do active rehabilitation? Do you try to prevent injury when exercising? These are some questions that you might need to ask yourself when exercising or participating in sports. You also must know that there are many sports injuries as well as many ways to prevent them.
An ankle fracture is a break in one or more of the three bones that make up the ankle joint. The ankle joint is made up by the lower (distal) sections of your lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) along with a bone in your foot (talus). Depending on how bad the break is and if more than one ankle joint bone is broken, a cast or splint is used to protect and keep your injured bone from moving while it heals. Sometimes, surgery is required to help the fracture heal properly.
In the United States, there are two kinds of physicians that practice medicine. The Osteopathic medicine is practiced by the Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.) while Allopathic medicine is practiced by the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). Due to more physicians hold the degree of MD than the DO's degree, few people recognize Osteopathic Physicians.
Arthritis is a general term for approximately 100 diseases that produce either INFLAMMATION of connective tissues, particularly in joints, or noninflammatory degeneration of these tissues. The word means "joint inflammation," but because other structures are also affected, the diseases are often called connective tissue diseases. The terms rheumatism and rheumatic diseases are also used. Besides conditions so named, the diseases include gout, lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, degenerative joint disease, and many others, among them the more recently identified LYME DISEASE.
Rheumatoid Arthritis is when the joints are chronically inflamed, which happens because it is an autoimmune disease which means that the immune system attacks the body tissues. Although Rheumatoid Arthritis mainly affects the joints, it can also affect other organs.
Finding the right doctor for particular health issues may be a difficult task. When the doctor needs to be a specialist in the area of orthopedics, the task may go from difficult to overwhelming. Picking the right orthopedic specialist will take some time and research. Begin by utilizing the reviews of orthopedic surgeons can help a potential patient narrow down the choices.
What is Arthritis? Arthritis is inflammation of a joint bringing such symptoms as chronic joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. The Arthritis Society states that approximately 4.6 million Canadians are currently living with arthritis; by 2036 this number will increase to 7.5 million (1 in 5). Health care costs and loss of productivity amount to $33 billion, by the year 2031 this number is expected to double. (The Arthritis Society, 2014). According to Aging in Contemporary Canada, arthritis and rheumatism is the most common chronic health problem of Canadian seniors affecting 47%. (Chappell, McDonald, & Stones, 2008, p. 221). With over 100 types of arthritis varying from mild to severe the most common age related form is osteoarthritis (OA) affecting 1 in 10 Canadians. Approximately 13% of Canadians suffer with OA. Joint damage from OA accounts for 80% of hip replacement surgery and over 90% of knee replacement surgeries. (The Arthritis Society, 2014). Severe cases of OA can restrict the ability to participate in activities and consequently affect a person’s quality of life. At this time there is no cure for OA without a joint replacement. Although OA can affect all ages the purpose of this paper is to focus on the impact this disorder has on the daily activities and functioning on the aging population. Discussion will also highlight the origin and manifestations of this disorder and will examine current and future treatment options available.
Usually the onset of OSD is gradual with minimal intermittent pain that progresses to continuous and more severe in the acute phase (Kaya). Pain is intensified with physical activity that entails jumping, kneeling or running (Kaya). OSD is diagnosed first through a physical examination where swelling over the tibial tuberosity and tenderness to palpitation is typically found (Kaya). Radiography may be used to show if calcification or thickening of the patellar tendon, soft tissue swelling and the fragmentation or irregular ossification at the tibial tubercles has occurred (Chang). However, radiographic changes are not always present in the early stage as the tibial tuberosity is predominately cartilaginous (Hirano). MRI technology can be used to demonstrate soft tissue swelling anterior to the tibial tuberosity, edema of the inferior patella tendon, and/or infrapatellar bursitis, which are the most significant diagnostic criteria of OSD (Chang). In the majority of OSD cases, symptoms usually diminish within 2 years of onset with excellent long-term prognosis (Kaya). In patients presenting with chronic cases of OSD complications such as genu recurvatum, patella alta or fragmentation of the ossicles may cause the long-term outcome to decline and progress to early onset osteoarthritis
Arthrogryposis is a disorder in which a child is born with joint contractures; this means some of their joints may be stuck in one position (curved or crooked). Children born with this disorder may have thin, weak, stiff, or missing muscles around these joints. The most common cause of arthrogryposis is fetal akinesia which is where the baby doesn’t move around a lot in the womb during development. Extra tissue can form in the joints making movement more difficult for the child to move. The reasons that fetal akinesia can take place may be because the womb was abnormally shaped so there wasn’t enough room for the baby to move around, amniotic fluid may have leaked out of the womb, or the baby’s parts did not form normally such as joints, bones, and muscles. They have also found that in approximately one third of the children who have this disorder have been determined to be a genetic cause.
Rheumatoid arthritis, also commonly known as RA, is one of the most severe forms of arthritis an individual can have. About 1.3 million people in the United States suffer from this autoimmune disease that attacks one’s joints. The immune system will mistakenly attack normal cells within the body which can lead to inflammation in certain areas. RA is a chronic long term disease that cause edema, stiffness, pain and limited function of many joints. Many patient who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis state that their symptoms become worse in the morning or very late in the evening. RA may be hard to detect in many patients because of its subtle symptoms. Because many diseases behave like RA, it is hard to tell if achy joints and stiffness is a reliable symptom for this disease. Weakness, low grade fevers, loss of appetite are some of the first symptoms patients’ experience. Some other major signs and symptoms to look for are dryness of the eyes, mouth, nose and throat, stiff, locked joints particularly in the knees and elbows, and numbness or tingling in the hands. Although RA is a progressive disease that cannot be cured it is best that patients begin their treatment during the early stages; otherwise it can lead to permanent damage of the bones, joints, and cartilage. There are many treatment forms that are used in treating this disease. Disease modifying antirhumatic drugs such as Methotrexate and anti-inflammatories such as Mobic, are two classes of drugs that are highly effective for treating rheumatoid arthritis.
Orthopedic is a very complex area of surgery and it requires experienced and dedicated surgeons who know what to do in their specific area. Orthopedic surgery is basically concerned with injuries and conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system. So whether you have problems with joints, bones, ligaments, tendons, nerves or muscles, this is where you need to start off.