Introduction
An ankle fracture is a break in one or more of the three bones that make up the ankle joint. The ankle joint is made up by the lower (distal) sections of your lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) along with a bone in your foot (talus). Depending on how bad the break is and if more than one ankle joint bone is broken, a cast or splint is used to protect and keep your injured bone from moving while it heals. Sometimes, surgery is required to help the fracture heal properly.
There are two general types of ankle fractures:
Stable fracture. This includes a single fracture line through one bone, with no injury to ankle ligaments. A fracture of the talus that does not have any movement of the bone on either side of the fracture line (displacement)
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Participate in high-impact sports.
Are involved in a high-impact car accident.
What are the signs or symptoms?
Symptoms of this condition include:
Tender and swollen ankle.
Bruising around the injured ankle.
Pain when moving the ankle.
Trouble walking or putting weight on the ankle.
A cold foot below the site of the ankle injury. This can occur if the blood vessels passing through your injured ankle were also damaged.
Numbness in the foot below the site of the ankle injury.
How is this diagnosed?
An ankle fracture is usually diagnosed with a physical exam and X-rays. A CT scan may also be done.
How is this treated?
Treatment for this condition depends on the type of ankle fracture. Stable fractures are treated with a cast or splint and then crutches to avoid putting weight on the injured ankle. This is followed by an ankle strengthening program. Unstable fractures require surgery to ensure the bones heal properly.
Follow these instructions at home:
If you have a splint:
Wear the splint as told by your health care provider. Remove it only as told by your health care provider.
Loosen the splint if your toes tingle, become numb, or turn cold and
Icing and elevating the foot help keep the swelling down in the foot. Doing excises like calf raises will help streghthen the muscles around the
If the injury is lower down in the foot you might not be able to see any signs.
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, it affects millions of people around the world. It is also known as Degenerative Joint Disease or Degenerative Arthritis or Wear & Tear Arthritis. Osteoarthritis occurs when the protective cartilage in the joints wear down over time. While osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body, it more often is seen in the knees, hips, hands, neck, and lower back it worsens as you grow older and has no known cure.
Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries and are especially relevant at all level of sport.1 Of all sports, the incidence of ankle sprain is higher in volleyball considering its non-contact nature.2 The most common ankle sprain occurs on the lateral or outside part of the ankle.3 Reports estimate that ankle sprains account for approximately 24% to 54% of all sport-related injuries and 23,000 persons get them per day in the United States.4
Your physician can analyze hammertoe or mallet toe by inspecting your foot. Your doctor might also take X-rays to further assess the bones and joints of your toes and feet.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting more than 27 million Americans (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). It is caused when the cartilage in the joints breaks down, causing the bones of the joint to rub against one another. This causes pain, stiffness, and loss of motion in the joint. Osteoarthritis is most prevalent in those 65 and older, but can affect those of any age. In addition, African Americans and Hispanics report a higher incidence of arthritis than Caucasians (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). Although the cause is unknown, it is believed that the increasing age of the population, prevalence of obesity and injuries add to the progression of the condition. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body; however, those of the hand, hip, and knee are often the most common. This condition may be asymptomatic, or may present symptoms including soreness, stiffness and pain. The symptoms are more common in the older population, those with limited activity levels, and those who are obese. Joint cartilage thins over time, causing an increased risk for symptoms in the elderly, and obesity puts extra pressure on the joints during activity. Osteoarthritis is commonly diagnosed with the use of a physical assessment along with results of radiology testing such as X-Ray and MRI.
These types of injuries do not happen alone typically they go along with a traumatic event such as a car collision, a fall, blunt force, anything that would have greater force than the bone itself causing a breakage. A fracture in the patella is no different, patients who experience such events are like to produce these signs and symptoms such as severe pain in and around the patella, swelling, difficulty extending their leg, deformed appearance of the knee due to fractured pieces, and tenderness. There are many different types of fractures and some have to do with anatomical location such as transverse (horizontally across), apex(at the highest point), and vertical or a complete breakage of the patella called a comminuted fracture. The signs and symptoms however remain the same for all if not most patellar fractures. Perhaps patients whom are experience pain in their knees could potentially be at risk for a type of injury but it is hard to determine without the proper knowledge of the risk
Osteoporosis was first mentioned by Sir Astley Paston Cooper. Other common symptoms include gum disease, tooth decay, premature graying of hair, arthritis, low back pain, leg cramps, and nail growth. Fragility fracture occurs when a person falls from a standing position or a low height and breaks a bone that would not break in a person with a healthy bone. Heritability of bone mass estimated to account for 60-90% of its variance (Kaczkowsi, 2013).
Consult specialist sites, including the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, and local
She immediately scheduled an appointment with an ankle specialist, who diagnosed me with hairline fractures throughout my ankle. At this moment, I thought that my career in sports was over as I would never come back from the months spent in a boot, unable to participate in any form of physical activity, and the months of therapy that followed, but I persevered and returned to playing condition before too long. Some people aren’t so fortunate. They sustain career ending injuries which often include soft tissue damage. The problem with injuries like these is not that they will never heal, as many of them will, but the time it takes for them to heal.
Researchers have studied how to treat an ankle sprain, but there are not as many that have looked at whether using tape or using a brace is more effective in preventing injury.1, 3 Those who focus on prevention take into account proprioception, patient satisfaction, cost-benefit, and kinematics.2, 3, 4, 5 Evaluating various evidence provided in research, athletic trainers can decide which intervention is best suited for their practice.
Complete means when a fracture is completely though the bone. A communited fracture is when the broken bone has shattered into numerous smaller pieces. Intertrochanteric is when a fracture is located between the greater trochanter and lesser trochanter of the femur.
How do concussions affect the human brain? In order to know what affects the concussions does to the brain, we must first know what exactly a concussion is. A concussion a concussion is described as a complex pathophysiological process that affects the brain in the act of severe head trauma. Think of the brain as the yoke inside an egg, if the egg is shaken, the yoke will be obscured. This is exactly what a concussion is like. A concussion affects the brain in several ways, including physical, emotional, and cognitive. There are also long-term effects like increased risk for Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s (“Concussion Treatment”).
Fibular fractures may be complete or incomplete fractures. Fibula fractures may occur anywhere along the bone. The fracture we are trying to fixate is a complete fracture. Fractures occur when a force is placed on the bone that is greater than it can withstand, and when a fracture does occur in the fibula, it’s usually at the same time as the tibia. When only the fibula fractures, it is usually because of a direct blow to the side of the leg or an extreme sideways bend at the ankle or knee. Some other common causes of fibular fracture include, direct hit from doing contact sports such as hockey or lacrosse, stress fracture; weakening of the bone from repeated stress, or indirect injury, caused by twisting, turning quickly, or violent muscle contraction. Tripping, falling or impact during an accident are also major causes of fibular
Hemothorax. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2047916-overview#aw2aab6b2b4 Norvell, J. G. (2013, June 11). Tibia and Fibula Fracture Clinical Presentation. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826304-clinical Queensland Government.