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Development of science during the Renaissance period
School of athens raphael essay
Development of science during the Renaissance period
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Emily Noe Art History Art Profile Raphael The School of Athens represents all the greatest mathematicians, philosophers and scientists gathered together sharing their ideas and learning from each other. These figures all lived at different times, but here they are gathered together under one roof. The men according to History of Art: The Western Tradition Zeno of Citium, Epicurus, Empedocles, Averroes,Pythagoras, Alcibiades, Antisthenes, Raphael, Aeschines, Parmenides, Socrates, Heraclitus,Plato, Aristotle, Diogenes of Sinope, Plotinus, Euclid, Strabo, Ptolemy, Apelles and Protogenes.The dawn of these lives have built the path we know today that challenges our very existence.The shape of the earth, the solar system. The understanding of the …show more content…
In this sense, this painting is a grand and imagined piece by Michael Lahanas that works to bring together many of history's greatest thinkers at that time, considering only men that is. Given that these men were all assembled in one place and time, it resembled the age of the renaissance. In the sense that the renaissance was a time for different thinkers of all backgrounds to come together and contribute to the common intelligence of mankind. Raphael had to invent a system of to allude to various figures for whom there were no traditional visual types. For example, while the Socrates figure is immediately recognizable from Classical busts, the alleged Epicurus is far removed from his standard type according to Michael Lahanas. Aside from the identities of the figures depicted,many aspects of the fresco have been variously interpreted, but few such interpretations are unanimously accepted among scholars as known by Two Men conversing on a Flight of Steps,and a Head shouting.The popular idea that the rhetorical gestures of Plato and Aristotle are kinds of pointing to the heavens, and down to earth is very likely. The building is in the shape of a Greek cross,which some have suggested was intended to show a harmony between philosophy and Christian theology. The architecture of the building was inspired to have suggested that the building itself was intended to be an advance view of St. Peter's Basilica. There are two …show more content…
Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Oxford, 2011. Retrieved on 2011-06-13.History of Art: The Western Tradition by Horst Woldemar Janson, Anthony F. Janson Guerino Mazzola et al.: Rasterbild - Bildraster. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, et al. 1986,Following The School of Athens, "Who is who?" by Michael Lahanas Raphael (1482 - 1520).Studies for a Figure of Minerva and Other Statues. Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Oxford, 2011. Retrieved on
Kleiner, Fred S. A History of Roman Art. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.
In the School of Athens, Raphael portrayed the splendid scenes of philosophers, scientists and artists in this school. The school of Athens was set up by Plato, who is the ancient Greek idealistic philosopher. The central side of the picture is Plato and his disciple Aristotle, who have intense discussions. Although Plato's teacher, Socrates, was no longer alive when he founded the Academy of Athens, however, Raphael drawn Socrates in the left of a group of characters, to show the hierarchy of philosophy. Different gestures of them illustrated different idea on philosophy. Plato stretched out his finger pointing on the above represents the idealism
Cothren, M. & Marilyn Stokstad. (2011). Art History, Volume 2, 4th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Learning Solutions.
Scientists started to study the earth and it’s positioning in the universe. This was a time when the people started taking more of an interest in astronomy and mathematical equations. During the time of the Catholic Reformation, artists began to challenge all the rules that society has set for artistic design. Artists starting with Parmigianino, Tintoretto, and El Greco began to add a wide variety of colors into their paintings, challenging the way things have been done in the past. These artists also added abnormal figures or altered the proportions in paintings.
During the Renaissance, people were dedicated to studying human works. They would observe from real life to gain inspiration, new ideas, and to try to recreate the world as they saw it in their art. New techniques such as scientific and atmospheric perspective were created, changing art forever. Artists would use their skills to create works for patrons, from the Church, various guilds, and other religious orders. During the High Renaissance, Julius II commissioned Raphael to decorate the Vatican Palace. The first of the rooms he decorated was The “Room of the Signature”, where he painted The School of Athens. Originally, this room housed Julius II’s personal library, but later on it would be the room where papal documents were signed. In 1508, Raphael began painting four frescoes that represented theology, philosophy, law, and the arts. As stated in Janson’s History of Art Volume II, This fresco “represents a summation of High Renaissance humanism, for it attempts to represent the unity of knowledge in one grand scheme.” Raphael’s The School of Athens is a prime example of humanistic art, as evidenced by the subject of the art itself, the classical elements in the piece, and it’s scientific and illusionistic rendering.
Wilson, R.J.A. “Roman Art and Architecture.” Oxford Illustrated History. Oxford U. Press, 1988. pp. 361-399
The trip to the metropolitan museum was a great trip to learn and to study art. What is art you may ask, well art is an expression you use to show a visual picture. It can be through painting or through sculptures. Some other example of art is music, literature and dancing. For today 's paper we will be talking about art as a sculpture. The two sculptures in this photo are King Sahure and a Nome God and Marble Statue of Dionysos leaning on archaistic female figure (Hope Dionysos). You can find these statues in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. King Sahure and a Nome God is an Egyptian art that was made in 2458-2446 BCE. The artist is unknown. It was during the 5th dynasty and it also belong to the old kingdom. The Marble statue of Dionysos Leaning in the archaistic female figure is a Greco-Roman art. Belonging to the Roman imperial period of the late first century A.D. Augustan or Julio-Claudian period 27 B.C., to 68 AD. It is classified as a stone sculpture and it is made out of marble. The height of the statues is 82 ¾ inches. There is no evidence who was the original artist.
Thoughts about art changed and evolved in many ways over time. Efland’s The History of Art Education: Intellectual and Social Currents in Teaching the Visual Arts offers a concise history of art education, chronicling its changes and evolutions. In chapters two and three, Efland begins with attitudes towards art in the Hellenistic time period and moves forward through the Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Industrial Revolution. According to Efland, during the Hellenistic time period, owning artwork related to status, to a degree, yet the artist was not considered to be an esteemed profession. The primary role of Roman education was to prepare individuals to work for the state. As a result, visual art did not play a role in formal educational practice. Moving forward in time to the Middle Ages, life revolved around faith. While art did play a role in the lives of the people, it was in the form of craft guilds. The apprentice system became more prevalent during this time period as well. It was not until the Renaissance that craft and art became separate entities. Although fine art was stressed more in the educational setting, and students were taught formal skills during this time period, it...
Read, Hebert Edward, Sir. Discovering Art: The Illustrating Story of Art Through the Ages. Vol.
Thompson, Nancy L. "Roman Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 23
Janson, H. W. and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art, 4th Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1991.
Even though the ancient sculptors had limited resources, they had created numerous, well-known pieces. As time passed by, more artists began to use these ancient sculptures as reference and guidelines to create their own art pieces. The influence of the Greco-Roman sculptures has tremendous effect on human cultural development.
Winckelmann, J. (1764). The History of Ancient Art. In L. Eitner (Ed.), Neoclassicism and Romanticism 1750-1850 (pp. 16-19). New York: Harper & Row.
For over two thousand years, various philosophers have questioned the influence of art in our society. They have used abstract reasoning, human emotions, and logic to go beyond this world in the search for answers about arts' existence. For philosophers, art was not viewed for its own beauty, but rather for the question of how art and artists can help make our society more stable for the next generation. Plato, a Greek philosopher who lived during 420-348 B.C. in Athens, and Aristotle, Plato’s student who argued against his beliefs, have no exceptions to the steps they had to take in order to understand the purpose of art and artists. Though these two philosophers made marvelous discoveries about the existence of art, artists, and aesthetic experience, Plato has made his works more controversial than Aristotle.
After the Middle Ages, the Renaissance took place in 1350-1550. During this period, new ideas about cultures, arts and inventions formed. Art was one of the most influential out of cultures and inventions. With art, artists were able to exemplify realism, humanism, and secularism. Art did not just show paintings. It showed different views of the Renaissance.