The research study that was evaluated consisted of the impact that a brief intervention by community health nurses can have on patients who have risk factors for chronic disease, smoking, poor nutrition, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and weight. Nurses are crucial in primary health care in Australia where the study was conducted. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions by the community health nurses.
The study consisted of 804 patients between the ages of 30-80 who were randomly divided into two groups of early intervention and late intervention. The nurses in the early intervention group received training and support in identifying the risk factors and then offered brief lifestyle
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The specific design is identified. The research design that was used was the quasi-experimental design. Quasi-experimental designs attempt to determine casual relationships by applying the treatment to one group and comparing the outcome with a control group. In the quasi-experimental design, subjects are not randomly assigned. In many research studies, it may be unethical due to the nature of the study to randomly assign patients to a particular group. That said, there is loss of some control of the variables that may impact the study when the participants cannot be randomly assigned. “The lack of random assignment raises the question of how similar or dissimilar the treatment and comparison groups were from the outset in terms of baseline characteristics. For this reason, the results of quasi-experimental research are sometimes referred as a ‘trend’ versus a ‘cause’”(Grand Canyon University, 2016). When human subjects are involved in a study, there is never a guarantee that the differences in opinions or practices of the participants will not affect the results. Quasi-experimental designs are beneficial because they provide a wider scope of design and allow the research to occur in its natural setting. The results or outcomes of a quasi-experimental research design can be validated by implementing specific methods that assist in identifying the comparison group, the control variables and …show more content…
The authors of the study state that the rationale for using this research design is because it was thought that it was not feasible to randomize the intervention according to individual clients or practitioners within the services. “The overall response rate could also have introduced bias affecting the generalizability of the findings, as more interested clients may have chosen to participate” (Harris, et al, 2013) Hence, why this research design was selected.
The analysis compared changes using univariate and multilevel regression techniques. The univariate analysis is the simplest form of analyzing data. It consists of only one variable. It is mainly used to describe the results. It takes the data, summarizes it and then finds trends or patterns. The multilevel regression techniques are useful when you are comparing data between groups. It allows the researcher to study the effects by group and estimate
Self- care abilities of individuals and communities are important to promote mental and physical health and to reduce mortality and morbidity that occur from accidental injuries and chronic conditions (Dillion, 1997). Lifestyle changes have an effect on health prevention and delay of diseases and health problems. Dillion states if nurses use strategies from community nursing and objects from Healthy People 2000 they can identify threats to health promote and maintain health. Dillion states a key strategy is a health fair (Dillion,
Patients often have complex care needs, and often present with multiple co-morbidities or problems. The process of conducting a comprehensive nursing assessment, and the coordination of care based on these findings is central to the role of the Registered Nurse (NMBA 2006). Evidence-based interventions must then be planned and implemented in a patient-centred approach in order to achieve agreed treatment goals and optimise health (Brown & Edwards 2012).
Describe the differences in the results between the groups in the study and support your description with examples from the study
Described below is a critical appraisal of a qualitative article by Lisa Booth using the frame-work suggested by Ryan, Coughlan and Cronin 2007 to establish its believability, robustness, credibility and integrity (Ryan, Coughlan & Cronin, 2007).
As a result of urbanization and improving living status, the prevalence of obesity increased at an alarming level and it considered a major health problem (AlNohair 2014). Adult from twenty to forty years were the focus of health promotion activities in this assignment to reduce the risk of obesity. HP interventions focused on empowering the adult population to develop their own healthy choices regarding healthy food. It has a major role in enhancing the health condition of adults with high risk of obesity through implementing Tannahill’s model. Tannahill’s model used to guide, structure health promotion activities, nurses are responsible to provide health promotion through implementing of this model and use health education, prevention and
Patients under the care of advanced nursing professionals who were advised to take an proactive role in the development of management plan under the supervision of their nurse practioners and medical doctors. were more effective in their compliance than those While no significant differences were in the outcomes that included A1C and the levels of triglyceride, there were notable increases in patients who comply with activities related to caring for self and willingness to make healthy lifestyle changes in the areas of increased physical activity and nutritional intake.
Also, changing their perceptions about their health and to overcome the issues that restrict them from having a healthy lifestyle. (Lapkin & Doab 2015) Moreover, nurses can prevent illness in the community to worsen and assist them to manage their health. Nurses will have a better understanding of the factors that may influence the patient’s behaviour which can be used to assess them to provide them with better treatment. Further, fulfilling the patient’s needs, preventing further damage to their health while promoting a healthy environment. (Stein-Parbury 2014) Nurses may also promote health equity effectively, in addressing the social determinants of health in public health policies and research to increase health of the community and educate others in taking responsibility of their health, to reduce illness and disease in the community. (Lapkin & Doab
...smoking, high cholesterol diet, age, gender, sedentary lifestyle, contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Nurses can fill significant treatment gaps in the risk factor management of patient with coronary heart disease. “Cardiac rehabilitation programs including nursing education exert a beneficial effect on patients’ quality of life, exercise capacity, lipid profile, body mass index, body weight, blood pressure, resting heart rate, survival rate, mortality rate and decreased myocardial infarction risk factors.” ( Health Science Journal, 2012). Healthcare professionals should discuss with the patients therapeutic lifestyle changes, emphasizing the role of diet in heart disease. Nurses should provide information and teaching about medications to lower cholesterol levels and also discuss the relationship between diabetes, hypertension and CAD.
Nurses around the world collaborate with various providers and partners to address multiple challenges in the community. With emphasize on health promotion and disease prevention, nurses have an important role in delivering nursing services in the community and in the home. Challenges that impact the overall health of the community can arise from unequal access to health care or lack of insurance causing individuals do not receive healthcare. However, all nurses can help improve health outcomes and help to prevent and manage diseases. With the help of community health nurses, public health nurses, and home health nurses, the ability to provide safe and effective care for all sectors of health is possible.
Randomized Controlled Trials can be used to in several types of evaluations, including new therapies (i.e. Cognitive behavioral therapy versus emotionally focused therapy when treating couples), community interventions, and diagnostic techniques (O'Brien, 2013). The RCT study design randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or a control group. As the study is conducted, the only expected difference between the control and experimental groups is the outcome variable being studied (O'Brien, 2013).
In the previous chapters I discussed the problem of the lack of healthy eating promotion programs in schools are leaving parents and students uneducated about how to purchase healthy items which is leading to childhood obesity. I also discussed how the problem is being addressed, as well as the theory of social constructionism. In this chapter, I will discuss the specific methodology I plan to use and the three different types of data collection I plan to employ to carry out my study. This study will use a qualitative approach to study and address the issue of the lack of healthy eating promotion in schools. The three types of data collection I plan to use are: direct observation, focus groups and a questionnaire. These methods will be clarified later in this chapter.
The research design that was employed by Martin for Sarah was a single-subject design. This is also called an A-B design. It simply means that the subject (Sarah) serves as her own control. There is no control group and experimental group in place, the data gathered is only from Sarah. It is a representation of her frequency of SIB (self-injurious behavior) over a four-day period with no intervention. Then an intervention is implemented which in this case a DRO or Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior was chosen. That also took place over a period of four days and the frequency of her SIB behaviors was again recorded. That data was then compiled into a comprehensive chart to visually show the changes that occurred within that eight-day period.
Morgan & Morgan (2001) In this article Morgan & Morgan converse the effectiveness of single-participant research design. With the improvements of technology, a great deal of health care providers, and the FFS plans, in the 80s and 90s health care costs went up drastically. Along with that, health care providers have since been required to set in place effective interventions. Single-participant designs have a specific purpose and set-up, which poses for a limitation, but has a way of overcoming this issue.
Which is using phenomenology and qualitative interview. The authors were specific about the name of the design as stated, (Kjellgren, 2008) “As a supplement to the phenomenological research, quantitative data were gathered using the EDN (Experienced Deviation from Normal State questionnaire). Although most phenomenological studies do not usually include quantitative data, it was felt that their inclusion could enhance the study, by offering a small set of quantitative results that might support some of the findings of the qualitative study.” The author said that they study used mostly phenomenological studies but they wanted to make it better by adding quantitative data. The design was clearly described until they mention that they wanted to add qualitative findings. They did say that phenomenological studies do not usually include quantitative data. They added quantitative data to make the study a stronger one. The article would have been stronger if they added that detail in the introduction and how quantitative data does make a phenomenological study stronger. The author just added that as explaining the data collection. I think the author should of added more literature to prove how quantitative data would enhance the
Research design, the particular design of this problem is experimental, our text lists three (3) separate types of these: Experimental designs, Quasi-experimental designs, and Preexperimental designs (Hagan, 2010), the An Outcome Evaluation of Pennsylvania’s Boot Camp: Does Rehabilitative Programming within a Disciplinary Setting Reduce