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Contingency plans due to disaster
Strengths of qualitative approach to research methods
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Recommended: Contingency plans due to disaster
The aim of this chapter is to set out the methodological approach undertaken to assess the primary care corporation, Qatar readiness to deal with mass casualty event during Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup 2022.This chapter will include the aim of this research and the methodological approach used. Followed by the subject selection, data collection and the process of data analysis. This chapter will end with discussion on ethical issue and limitations associated with the study. Aim of research The purpose of the study is to investigate the following research questions: • Does PHCC have a current disaster management plan and what is the scope of the plan? • Does the current emergency disaster plan address a …show more content…
Qualitative approach There are many qualitative methods which are developed to have an in depth and extensive understanding of the issues by means of their textual interpretation and the most common types are interviewing and observation(Creswell 2012). The process of research involves empirical work being carried out with the collection of data which can concur, refute or contest theories which in turn allows for understanding and clarification for different observations(May 1997). Whereas the unstructured interview is conducted in conjunction with the collection of observational data, semi-structured interviews are often the sole data source for a qualitative research project(Adams et al. 2002). Semi-structured in-depth interviews are the most widely used interviewing format for qualitative research and can occur …show more content…
This method allowed the researcher to be more flexible in the ability to collect more information from the participants. Semi- structured interviews permit scope for individuals to answer questions more on their own terms than the standardized interview permits, yet still provides a good structure for comparability over that of the focused interview(May 1997). Individual in-depth interviews are widely used by health care researchers to co-create meaning with interviewees by reconstructing perceptions of events and experiences related to health and health care delivery(DiCicco-Bloom & Crabtree 2006). Semi-structured interviews with a series of questions were used during the study. According to(Yin 2003), the researcher in a qualitative research serves as an instrument for providing the measurement for data analysis such as providing the interview questions. Each interviewee was asked the similar set of questions. The interviewer also has some freedom to probe and explore additional questions in response to what are seen as significant replies(Bryman
In-depth interviews are one of the research methods used when qualitative research is desired over quantitative research. Also, by using in-depth interviews as his research method, Messner is able to acquire much more detailed information, which will enhance the quality of his final data, making the study more efficacious and fulfilling. But, as with any research method, in-depth interviews have their strengths and weaknesses. Most importantly, with any research method, optimal levels of representativeness, replicability, reflexivity, reactivity, and objectivity should be
Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collector’s field guide. Retrieved from http://www.fhi.org
The unstructured interview approach, is an excellent way of creating multiple realities by giving the control of the interview over to the participants being interviewed and inviting them to tell their stories peaked by only an open-ended question. This method requires an environment in which the participants readily open up (Hill, 2001). To the credit of the current study, the interviewees did provide detailed accounts when interviewed. Additionally, as the stories are elicited by the participants own volition, they can cover a broad range of topics allows for unplanned comments and topics to come up that may have otherwise been left untouched in a more structured methodology (Kvale, 1983). However, because the responses are so gloriously open ended they are difficult to compare across different cases, and large amounts of irrelevant data must be sifted through in a time consuming manner. The benefit of qualitative phenomenological research is that while most scientific methods focus on what can be physically observed and quantitatively measured, this leaves a gapping hole in our ability to evaluate the human condition as most of what we do is determined by unseen forces in our psyches (Kvale, 1983). Therefore, open-ended phenomenology allows researchers to break the restrictive mold and attempt to discover insights into lived experience that would normally remain invisible to more traditional scientific study (Dale,
The author could have employed other methods of qualitative research such as, narrative analysis, grounded theory, discourse analysis, data display and analysis, content analysis and quantifying qualitative data and computer assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAPDAS) (Saunders et al., 2016). Nevertheless, these approaches seem cumbersome sometimes and take a long time to complete (Willig, 1999; Braun and Clarke, 2006 and Smith and Bekker,
The authors adopted the interpretive qualitative methods – ‘entering the research participants’ worlds’ (Charmaz, 2014) (p. 33) to learn about their perspectives. However, the researchers didn’t attempt to critically examine their own role/relationship, thus leaving potential bias and influence unchecked. In the qualitative research method, the researchers’ personal beliefs and values may distort the result (Holloway and Wheeler, 2013), therefore, it is best to clarify this in the report (Lockwood, Munn & Porritt, 2015).
The purpose of research interviews is to explore the views, beliefs, and motives of individuals on a specific matter for example factors that influence their daily life. They also provide a clear understanding of social issues and an insight that is required from the participant (British dental journal, 2008).The many types of research interview in qualitative research namely are the structured, semi-structured, unstructured and in-depth interview. I will explain them further since they can be used to explore
Qualitative research is an approach that attempts to situate an activity that locates the observer in the world by providing the study to occur in their natural setting and by attempting to make sense of, or interpret information (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005). A characteristic of qualitative research is to use a variety of empirical materials such as personal experience, interviews, and questionnaires. It is imperative to understand the task at hand and how to fully carry out the study when using a qualitative research approach in order to find out the information needed. One view of qualitative research is it involves examining individual’s experiences and documenting those experiences in detail (Jones, 2011). By documenting these observations the researcher is ensuring validity in his or her data and giving the correct creditability to those who participated in the study.
Various information gathering techniques can be utilized, as the specialist and the examination subjects cooperate in this collaborative dialogic relationship (Moen, 2006). Data can be as field notes; journal records; interview transcripts; one's own particular and other's perceptions; narrating; interview transcripts; personal written work; reports, for example, school and class arrangements, bulletins, and different writings, for example, standards and principles; and pictures (Moen, 2006). According to Moen (2006), the narrative methodology is arranged inside of the qualitative or interpretive examination method. A subjective way to deal with the field of examination implies that analysts study things in their characteristic settings, attempting to understand and translate phenomena as far as the significance individuals bring to them (Moen, 2006). Throughout the many disciplines that utilized narrative inquiry, certain theoretically oriented narratives help researchers to listen and understand the stories of individuals and to become advocates for them (Sheperis, Young & Daniels, 2010). As with all methods, caution must be used. For instance, narrative researchers have to interrogate and allow their presence in all phases of the investigative process (Sheperis, Young & Daniels,
focused on the key qualitative research methods. For each article review, a brief description, guided by Myers (2013), and a critique, guided Pratt (2009), is provided. A summary of the five articles identifying the research method, data collection technique, data analysis approach and critique is provided in Table 1. The narrative review of each article coupled with figures and tables to organize and visualize thoughts (Pratt, 2009) follows the summary table.
The questions listen below are overview questions that can be asked of any qualitative study. These questions were answered by examining the article by Karagozoglu & Kahve (2013). The level of evidence done in this study I believe is level II. The evidence was obtained from well-designed randomized control trials.
Interviews include Unstructured, Semi-Structured, and Structured interviews. The Unstructured interviews are in-depth interviews. This type of interview enables the holistic understanding of interviewee’s situation and point of view (Dawson, 2002). On the other hand, Semi Structured interviews are the most common in which specific questions are asked but response is detailed. Moreover, it is usually used in a qualitative research (Dawson, 2002). While structured interviews are fixed questions, in which respondents have to tick boxes. It is used frequently, especially in market research (Dawson, 2002).
Liamputtong, P. & Ezzy, D., 2005, Qualitative research methods, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 12-31.
The interviewer most preferable method was qualitative research. Qualitative research designs are created with the aim of revealing the reasons behind why people behave the way they do, as well as helping understand how they perceive the world around them. “As a research strategy, qualitative research is broadly inductivist, constructionist and interpretivist, but qualitative researchers do not always subscribe to all three of these features’’ (Bryman, 2012, p.380). There are several methodological approaches that can be used to collect qualitative data. These methods include the ethnography/participant observation, conducting interviews, focus group, case studies, conversation analysis and action research.
Qualitative and Quantitative study designs both can be beneficial in research design. They both provide valuable options for researchers in the field. These techniques can either be used separately in a research study or they can be combined to achieve maximum information. This paper will define the terms qualitative and quantitative; describe the similarities and differences between each; discuss how qualitative and/or quantitative research designs or techniques could be used in the evaluation of my proposed research; and discuss why linking analysis to study design is important.
To approach dependability, the author in the proposed study intends to utilize question guideline to guide her in obtaining the inquiries during the interview and to probe the topics when needed (Chai, Putit and Siop, 2016). Moreover, to ensure constancy of the data, colleagues who are familiar with qualitative research will be asked to check the findings and review the participant’s transcriptions (Heydari, Rahnavard and Ghaffari, 2017). At last, to enhance the validity and trustworthiness of the study, the author intends also to have peer debriefing by having the agreement of different individuals other than the researcher on emerging themes and insights (Amankwaa,