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Theories of political communication
Role of public relations in democracy
Theories of political communication
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Consider the arguments for and against the view that Public Relations enhance democratic communication.
While democratic communication influenced by many different factors, especially in capitalist society, the elites represents as dominant groups that have more opportunities to express their voice. Among to the rest, Public Relations play an important role in the communication between public and different organizations. The core of this essay is based on the debate of whether Public Relations enhance democratic communication. This paper will mainly divide into three sections. Firstly, the discussion on the main question will focus on if the public relations have beneficially effects on democratic communication; secondly, the discussion will be the neutrality opinion about the relationship between public relations and democracy communication; thirdly, the reasons why the theorists considering the public relations reinforce the democratic communication will be listed.
The primary hypothesis of this debate is Public Relations have beneficial effects on democratic communication.
Public Relations mainly target on public, which through spinning and lobby group work to promote the image of political groups, corporate and other organizations, and then release the stress relationship between public and groups. In the beginning of twentieth century, the emergence of public relations was for getting on well with the speed of commercial development, as what Stanley Kelley describe, this group is ‘a class of professional propagandists’ (Stanley Kelley: 1956, p.16). However, in nowadays, this group of people actively can be found among political groups, advertising purposes and marketing issues etc. The members within professional ...
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...002) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain Manchester University Press pp47
Miller, D & Dinan, W (2007) ‘Public Relations and the Subversion of Democracy’ cited in Miller, D & Dinan, W (eds.) Thinker, Faker, Spinner, Spy: Corporate PR and the Assault on Democracy, London: Pluto Press
Moloney, K (2006a) Rethinking Public Relations, 2nd edition, London: Routledge
Kavanagh (1995) cited in Davis, Aeron (2002) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain Manchester University Press
Neill (1998) appeared in Davis, Aeron (2002) Public relations democracy: public relations, politics and the mass media in Britain Manchester University Press
Miller, D & Dinan, W (2000) ‘The rise of the PR Industry in Britain, 1979-1998’ European Journal of Communication, 15(1): 5-35 pp. 13
Newsom, D., Turk, J., & Kruckeberg, D. (2013). This Is PR: The Realities of Public Relations
Toxic Sludge is designed to shock readers by stressing the negative side of each circumstance; even though the information presented is a left wing point of view I do believe the work is a justifiable criticism of the PR industry because the tactics used were harmful to American democracy and in some cases the health and wellbeing of the public at large. According to an analysis by Dr. Donn Tilson, accredited member of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), not all PR practitioners utilize such tactics, however, many do and that type of PR poses a threat to democratic values, he goes on to state, “it is ultimately a manifestation of the deeper contradictions in corporate America...the road back to a truly democratic society lies in educating ourselves about the power of propaganda in our lives” (Tilson, 1997). As the general public continues to educate itself about the practices (good and bad) in the field of PR it is even more important that our firm maintain professional procedures that are in-line with the PRSA code of ethics.
- Taylor, L., & Willis, A., 1999, Media Studies – Texts, Institutions and Audiences, Blackwell Publishers Ltd., Oxford
In the book, Propaganda, author Edward L Bernays, who is nephew of Sigmund Freud, transcends the public relation industry. This short, 13-part instructional manual delves deep into the intricacies and usage of propaganda. Bernays claims that the public is in a constant state of manipulation. He argues that in order for a society to be highly functioning and stable, public opinion must be manipulated and swayed. While I find his claims disturbing, it was refreshing to read something so blunt. Bernays’ use of psychological techniques to work the mechanics of public opinion truly classifies him as the “father of public relations.”
Second, framing theory is leveraged to influence the media’s portrayal of each topic(s) and bolster public perception about an organization’s relevance, credibility, and/or benefit (Hallahan, 1999). To further illustrate the inherent value of agenda setting and framing for public relations, this paper will discuss practical applications of these theories in successful media relations efforts.
Habermas, Jurgen, “The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere,” Media Studies, Paul Marris and Sue Thronham (ed.), New York: New York University Press, 2000, pp. 92-97.
The discipline of public relations is a modern profession which has been in existence for only close to a century; however, it has already taken an important role in the fields of business, government, entertainment and non-profit organizations including educational institutions and healthcare organizations. Public relations professionals are required to have excellent organizational, interpersonal and communication skills and have the ability to persuade the public. It is imperative for PR professionals to effectively communicate with its public in order to establish and maintain a positive relationship. Furthermore, public relations professionals must have the ability to work under pressure and effectively manage crisis which may have detrimental effect on the company and the public it serves. State purpose of paper and an overview of what will be covered in the introduction
Stromback, J. (2008) Four Phases of Mediatization: An Analysis of the Mediatization of Politics, The International Journal of Press/Politics, 13: 228-246.
Smith, P. (1999) „Political Communication in the UK: A Study of Pressure Group Behaviour‟, Politics, 19(1): 21-27
Tench, R. & Yeomans, L. (2006). Exploring public relations. 2nd ed. Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall.
The description of government communications as ‘spin’ has been part of the political lexicon since the mid 1990’s. But what is the reality behind its image? A new research project from LSE questions the idea of ‘political spin’, examining the changes in government communications to ask whether the UK civil service is being politicised and what this might mean for democracy and the media. The Labour party’s landslide victory in 1997 following 18 years out of power heralded a new era for British politics in a number of ways. A new communications operation, led by Tony Blair’s press secretary Alastair Campbell, brought in a centralised, highly disciplined and robust style of information management to government.
Furthermore, a public relations career is much more closely grouped with media relations these days than journalism. In the book, Making it in Public Relations: An Insider’s Guide, it is said that Media relations is the most dominant function of public relations. Its basic role is the origination of press information and the handling of requests from the media about a specialist’s subjects and activities. After all, the main goal of specialists is to present a positive public image of their client to the public (Mogel). The possible types of clients and fields vary wildly from each other. Some specialists can work in public relations consulting firms and hold campaigns for many clients. Other specialists can work in the advertising departments of major brands and w...
McCombs, M 2004, Setting the Agenda: The Mass Media and Public Opinion, Polity Press, Cambridge.
Until the invention of the mass media, in the form radio during World War 1, the profession of public relations was relatively unknown. It was then that public relations in the form of subliminal messages and propaganda started to emerge as a trend of coercion and control by government leaders (Shafritz, 2011). Merriam-Webster dictionary (2011) defines propaganda as “the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person.” Propaganda is used to in all forms of government, from presidential candidates to political party supporters. Propaganda by means of public relations from government can be of value to the leadership of our gove...
Public relations is everywhere today. It is a practice that has become an important aspect of any business venture. Whether an organization is not for profit, for profit, or governmental, they still need and desire to communicate their purpose within the community and public relations allows this to happen. There are several publics in which the PR practitioner must correspond with and each requires a different means of communication. Internal publics are inside the organizations such as clerks, managers, and stockholders. "External publics are those not directly connected to the organization: the press, government, educators, customers, suppliers, and the community" (Seitel, 2004). Each public plays a key role in the PR of the organization. The many functions of PR can also be categorized based on what purpose they serve the organization.