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Into the Depths of the Subconscious Mind
Throughout present day society, there are many biases, some of them are subconscious decisions molded by a person’s society. In an attempt to identify these subconscious preferences researchers at Harvard created Project Implicit. Project Implicit uses images and words associated with a certain category and it locates biases based on the reaction time to matching the key details. For this paper, I took three Implicit Association Tests, IATs, each identifying three traits that my subconscious had to offer. The three IATs that I took were to determine my preference towards straight or gay people, young or old people, and dark or light-skinned people. In a paper I will identify and reflect on the results that I received from the tests, I will then discuss the level of cultural sensitivity I am currently operating on, and discuss the importance of intercultursal sensitivity as a leader of character.
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The first IAT that I will evaluate is the one testing my preference of Straight to Gay people.
This IAT established that I have a moderate automatic preference for gay people compared to straight people. I am satisfied to say that these results did not actually surprise me. However, I was slightly off put that the test determined that I was more preferential to Gay people. While I am generally open-minded and I do not mind being around people of a different sexuality, it was a little strange to see that the test determined that I prefer to be around Gay people, especially when many of my close friends are straight. While the test were generally accurate, the results did not really hold much significance to me. It does however reflect that the society, which I was raised in, did not discriminate against
homosexuals. The second IAT that I evaluated is the test that determined my preference of Young to Old people. This IAT established that I have a Strong preference for young to old people. The results that I received for this test did not necessarily surprise me because the subject was something that was not actually only on a subconscious level. I overtly have less of a tendency to being around older people. The results that I receive show that through my life, I have been around young people. Because I have been around mostly younger people, I hold a major preference and desire to be around what I am used to. I do however recognize that it is not necessarily acceptable for me to hold such a bias towards older people. I realize that age ranges vary throughout my current career, and I should attempt to integrate older people in my life to get comfortable with the idea. The third IAT I took established that I had a moderate Automatic preference to dark skinned people over light skin people. I was slightly surprised by the results of this test. Though I am black, I generally align myself with people of a lighter color. While I consciously choose to be around people of a lighter skin color, I can understand why my subconscious actively associates myself with dark skinned people. The reason my subconscious automatically associates myself with dark skinned people is because I am dark skinned. Seeing myself on a daily basis makes my brain automatically associate with dark skinned people. These IATs helped me to identify a little about my Cultural Sensitivity, relative to Bennett’s Model. I determined that I am in the Ethno Relative stage, more specifically Integration stage. In the Integration stage, I am currently in the Constructive Marginality, meaning, I tend to integrate my experiences and cultural differences while still maintaining my sense of self. More specifically, when I am subjugated to be in another culture that I am not used to I integrate and start to move and do as the general populace does. I have an intense desire to be like those around me, so I adapt to make myself more comfortable. Because the Army is such a diverse group, I believe that being Culturally Sensitive is extremely important. With there being so many different people all from different areas it is important that everyone, especially leadership, can accommodate all of the different ways of life, considering they do not hinder the mission. As a leader of character, it is required that you “click”, or fit in, with all of the members of your group, that is why a leader of character must be Ethno Relative.
Blindspot, authors Mahzarin R. Banaji and Anthony G. Greenwald reveal how people formulate decisions and judgments automatically based on their exposure to cultural attitudes regarding age, gender, race, ethnicity, social class, religion, disability status, and nationality. They claim a section of our brain, a“blind spot,” is responsible for storing the hidden biases that lead us to select choices and decisions in our life. Furthermore, the authors aim to unfold the scientific logic of their analysis of the effects of hidden biases so people will be “better able to achieve the alignment,” between their behavior and intentions (Banaji and Greenwald, 2013) preface
...r own unique ways.; however, the authors focus on different aspects of prejudice and racism, resulting in them communicating different ideas and thoughts that range from racial discrimination to stereotypical attitudes. The range of ideas attempt to engage the readers about the reality of their issues. The reality about a world where prejudice and racism still prevail in modern times. But when will prejudice and racism ever cease to exist? And if they were ever to cease from existence, what does that mean about humankind?
For many year humans have been trying to fight against discrimination in their communities, but it's an uphill battle that doesn’t seem like it’s been fully wiped out yet in our society. Discrimination and Prejudice has been a key issue that has affected many people around the world. In the movie that we saw in class, “My Cousin Vinny” (1992) it focused on these key issues of prejudice, discrimination, stereotypes and even eye witness testimonies. In the movie it focuses on these key issues while bringing a little humor to the viewers. In this paper I will be going into more detail of how this movie really brought to light these key issues.
The Project Implicit, Harvard Education is a non-profit organization that seeks to collect data on an individual’s subconscious chooses. The test that I took was the Race IAT (Implicit Association Test), which measures and shows an individual’s implicit belief and attitudes that one may not be unwilling to admit that they have (Teachman, Nock, 2011). So, this test was an attempt to see if I have biases that I do not really know about. This is interesting and scary at the same time. To have someone basically interpret your thoughts through a series of unrelated responses.
The first Implicit Association Test (IAT) that I took was whether I had a preference for Young people compared to Old people. I chose this IAT because I initially thought that I would have no preference for Young or Old people. Though, I knew I would have some mistakes, I still expected my results to have an equal preference for both young or old people. In addition, this IAT used four categories. The first two categories were images of either a Young or and Old face and the other two categories were the words good or bad. The good or bad categories has at least five words listed.
Implicit Bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions unconsciously. (Kirwan, 2015) The implicit bias, which includes both favorable and unfavorable being personal, are activated involuntarily and without an individual’s awareness or voluntary control. The implicit interaction subconscious
Taking an Implicit association test may not be something that we would want to base any serious decisions off of; it is a useful tool in being able to learn about ourselves better. By being made aware that we may unconsciously hold views that we are not proud of, we can inoculate ourselves and make a personal change for the better.
The Web. 15 Jan. 2015. Izumi, Yutaka and Frank Hammonds. " Changing Ethnic/Racial Stereotypes: The Roles of Individuals and Groups."
Growing up in a very accepting and forward home, I always found myself to be free of most bias. Having been the target of some racial prejudice in the past, I always told myself that I would make sure nobody else had to feel the same way. While this may be a great way to think, it really only covers the fact that you will not have any explicit bias. What I have realized during the course of this class is that implicit bias often has a much stronger effect on us than we might think, and even the most conscious people can be affected.
The quest to find a biological substrate for homosexuality resembles an earlier movement in research to determine the nature of I.Q. scores. Both revolve around finding a biological basis for differences in human behavior. Like the previous research on intelligence, the research on homosexuality is plagued with difficulties. One large obstacle in this type of research is the difficulty in making statements about causality from correlational studies (simple, linear relationships between two variables) (4). In other words, it is difficult to determine what comes first the chicken or the egg.
Human brains, for the sake of processing information efficiently, use a shortcut known as social categorization. Humans categorize people into different groups based on common features. The three primary social categories for humans are: sex, race, and age (Yoder, 2013). Although categorizing is helpful during life experiences, there’s a negative backlash to compartmentalizing human-beings. The backlash lies in the small leap between categorizing and stereotyping. Stereotyping is used much in the way of categorizing, in that, we simplify complex information, organize, and store the data we collect. The difference between categorizing and stereotyping is when human’s stereotype they ascribe certain attributes to particular individuals within a group based on perceived affiliation with said group (APA, 1991). Once the stereotype has been formed, an increased level of expectation arises, which influences human behavior, that then reinforces the stereotype creating a circle of negative attitudes. These negative attitudes give way to sex discrimination; ...
Individuals’ mechanical systems for evaluating the world developed over the course of evolutionary history. Such mental operations provide tools for understanding the circumstances, assessing the important concepts, and heartening behavior without having to think or actually thinking at all. These automated preferences are called implicit attitudes.
According to Devine (1989), automatic processing involves the unconscious retrieval of obtained associations that develop through memory repetition; this process links with stimulus cues in the environment. The intense nature of automaticity is that an individual cannot escape or try to ignore the process (Devine, 1989). People build and enforce stereotypes through this automatic process and have no conscious control of memory retrievals. Human bodies take a lot of effort to function, but automatic processing requires little effort. People, therefore, mostly rely on automatic thinking, rather than controlled. This is why some researchers argue that automatic processing is why stereotyping is inevitable; because automaticity is easier, it does not mean controlled thinking cannot disband stereotypes (Devine, 1989). Controlled thinking is intentional and requires active participation of an individual. This proce...
Genetics, biology, and upbringing are all key aspects in determining one’s sexual orientation. Many of the factors are combined to make up how a person feels or who he or she is attracted to. There is no definite answer to why someone has a particular orientation, but there are studies that sugge...
Vrangalova, Z., & Savin-Williams, R. C. (2012). Mostly heterosexual and mostly gay/lesbian: Evidence for new sexual orientation identities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 85-101. doi: 10.1007/s10505- 012-9921-y.