More handpicked essays just for you.
Effects of race discrimination on society
Causes and consequences of stereotyping
Effects of stereotyping in society
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
What is racism? The definition given by Merriam Webster’s dictionary is, “a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial difference produce an inherent superiority of a particular race”. From the definition alone we can see that racism and prejudice are horrible and incorrect errors in a person’s thinking that no one would, or should, be proud to admit to having such feelings. Is it true though, that race or prejudicial feelings do not come into consideration at all to such people who profess they truly do not bias towards those of another race or group? A person may be showing signs of modern racism in which they outwardly show and act as if they are an unprejudiced person, while inwardly having negative prejudiced attitudes. Is there any way to really find out if a person has these types of feelings? This is one of the ideas behind the Implicit Associations Test.
The creation of the implicit associations test was to find out if there is a way to determine if it is possible to actually know the inner feelings that someone has, but that they may not be able or willing to report. It may also be a way for someone to determine if their explicit attitudes line up with their implicit attitudes and be able to know themselves a little better than they did before. Before taking the tests, I decided which four that I felt had the most relevance towards myself. I chose one based on my preferences for religion because I consider myself a religious person and have respect and an interest in religious teachings. Two of the tests I chose were based on that I am, ever so slightly, part of that race; The Asian and Native American IAT. The fourth and final test I chose was the weapons IAT and I ch...
... middle of paper ...
...ay not consciously hold those same values.
If a person has an explicit negative outlook toward a specific group or holds prejudicial feelings, more than likely their implicit attitude would also be the same. In turn someone holding these views would have a biased opinion against such a group or person and would discriminate against someone of said group for no reason other than they are a part of the group.
Taking an Implicit association test may not be something that we would want to base any serious decisions off of; it is a useful tool in being able to learn about ourselves better. By being made aware that we may unconsciously hold views that we are not proud of, we can inoculate ourselves and make a personal change for the better.
References
Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2013). Social psychology (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
After reading See No Bias by Shankar Vedantam I have learned that many people are unaware their biases. Mahzarin Banaji took a bias test, now known as the Implicit Association Test and her results stated she had a biased for whites over blacks. She didn’t understand her results because she is a minority too. She did an experiment where she had people picking from a list of unknown names. “The experiment showed how subtle cues can cause errors without people 's awareness.” Millions of people have taking the bias test and large majorities of people showed biases, even if they said they had no biases. The results also showed that minorities had the same biases as the majority groups. For example, “Some 48 percent of blacks showed a pro-white or anti-black bias; 36 percent of Arab
The Project Implicit, Harvard Education is a non-profit organization that seeks to collect data on an individual’s subconscious chooses. The test that I took was the Race IAT (Implicit Association Test), which measures and shows an individual’s implicit belief and attitudes that one may not be unwilling to admit that they have (Teachman, Nock, 2011). So, this test was an attempt to see if I have biases that I do not really know about. This is interesting and scary at the same time. To have someone basically interpret your thoughts through a series of unrelated responses.
The first Implicit Association Test (IAT) that I took was whether I had a preference for Young people compared to Old people. I chose this IAT because I initially thought that I would have no preference for Young or Old people. Though, I knew I would have some mistakes, I still expected my results to have an equal preference for both young or old people. In addition, this IAT used four categories. The first two categories were images of either a Young or and Old face and the other two categories were the words good or bad. The good or bad categories has at least five words listed.
Implicit Bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions unconsciously. (Kirwan, 2015) The implicit bias, which includes both favorable and unfavorable being personal, are activated involuntarily and without an individual’s awareness or voluntary control. The implicit interaction subconscious
A substantial amount of educational and psychological research has consistently demonstrated that African American students underperform academically relative to White students. For example, they tend to receive lower grades in school (e.g., Demo & Parker, 1987; Simmons, Brown, Bush, & Blyth, 1978), score lower on standardized tests of intellectual ability (e.g., Bachman, 1970; Herring, 1989; Reyes & Stanic, 1988; Simmons et al., 1978), drop out at higher rates (e.g., American Council on Education, 1990; Steele, 1992), and graduate from college with substantially lower grades than White students (e.g., Nettles, 1988). Such performance gaps can be attributed to any number of factors, such as socioeconomic status, academic preparation, and educational opportunities; however, Steele (1997) pointed out that even when background factors are held constant, subsequent achievement remains lower for minority students. Moreover, much research in this area has focused on how African American students’ lack of motivation and negative attitudes contribute to their inferior academic performance (Ogbu, 1990); yet many Black students often report high educational aspirations (Fordham, 1996; Fine, 1991; Ogbu, 1987, 1990; Hauser & Anderson, 1991), even higher than White students of comparable class background (MacLeod, 1995). What remains certain is the urgent need to explain what accounts for the persistent academic underachievement of Black students.
In the articles “Implicit racial bias often begins as early as preschool, a study finds” and “Research suggests the gender gap in math starts as early as kindergarten”. The central idea in the two articles are that girls and black students are treated unfairly. There are similarities and in how they develop the idea of how some students are discriminated against. However there are many differences in how they develop the central idea. There are studies that back up both accusations of black students and girls being treated differently in the classroom.
The method primarily used throughout research was the Implicit Association Test (IAT). This test is a measure used in the study of social psychology that is used to predict a person’s first association between different mental representations in one’s memory. In these particular studies the IAT is used to detect one’s behaviors, judgements, and decisions suggestive of ethnic and racial discrimination (Oswald, Mitchell, Blanton, Jaccard, & Tetlock, 2007). This test is usually done through technology. In the race IAT, participants would sit in front of the computer and be shown a variety of black faces and white faces. They were also told that one button on the keyboard is associated with the word “old” (negative),
“Never underestimate internalized racism. People can be oppressed, yet continue to express their oppression in their own choices.”- Susan Morris
Growing up in a very accepting and forward home, I always found myself to be free of most bias. Having been the target of some racial prejudice in the past, I always told myself that I would make sure nobody else had to feel the same way. While this may be a great way to think, it really only covers the fact that you will not have any explicit bias. What I have realized during the course of this class is that implicit bias often has a much stronger effect on us than we might think, and even the most conscious people can be affected.
Let’s start with the definition of racism. Racism refers to the belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacities, that a certain race is inherently superior or inferior to others, and/or that individuals should be treated differently based on their ascribed race.
Many people have their own definition of racism, but Google defines racism as the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races (Google). Many people approach and deal with racism at different levels of extremity. In one case, while a white woman was a passenger on an airline, she was unsettled that the man sharing the seating area with her was a colored man. She then called the hostess over and complained to her that she needed a different seat because she felt like the colored man should not have been allowed to sit next to her. Taking the complaint, the hostess then conversed to the pilot and found out that there were not any other seats open in their class, the class below, but some were open in the first-class seating. The hostess returned and apologized to the woman about the inconvenience of the seating, and explained to her the complication. Instead of moving the woman up to first-class, the hostess indicated for the colored man to gather up his belongings and follow her up to first class (“Racism”-short stories). Not everyone treats racism the same way. S...
Petty, R., Fazio, R., & Brinol, P. (2008). Attitudes: Insites from the New Implicit Measures (Rev Ed.). New York, NY: CRC Press.
Segregation has and still affects perceptions of Blackness inside and outside the Black community by making Black people see themselves as White people see them. Many of Black people have accepted the fallacy that they were inferior to White people at a young age, and Whites learned that Blacks were lower then Whites at a young age as well.
According to Devine (1989), automatic processing involves the unconscious retrieval of obtained associations that develop through memory repetition; this process links with stimulus cues in the environment. The intense nature of automaticity is that an individual cannot escape or try to ignore the process (Devine, 1989). People build and enforce stereotypes through this automatic process and have no conscious control of memory retrievals. Human bodies take a lot of effort to function, but automatic processing requires little effort. People, therefore, mostly rely on automatic thinking, rather than controlled. This is why some researchers argue that automatic processing is why stereotyping is inevitable; because automaticity is easier, it does not mean controlled thinking cannot disband stereotypes (Devine, 1989). Controlled thinking is intentional and requires active participation of an individual. This proce...
This belief can have an enormous effect over the way that one group of people treats another. In retrospect all racism entails is the idea that because of someone's skin colour or religion they are an in-superior race of the. Racism is a blatant form of prejudice. People who are prejudice are people who have strong feelings against certain types of people before they have even met them. Prejudice means 'pre-judgement' and society.