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Factors affecting performance in sports
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning
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My roommate desires to lose weight before football tryouts. The best way to inforce his month long workout routine is to use operant conditioning. Over the four week period, I would help them with setting up their plans so they will meet their goal by tryouts. The plan would use reinforcement techniques and weight moderation to ensure that they will meet the goal weight.
First, positive reinforcement will be used to keep my roommate on track to their goal, and to motivate them to exercise and eat right. Positive reinforcement would be a reward of something that my roommate enjoys after they reach a goal weight or exercises. If the person exercises four times a week, then they can see a movie or treat themselves to one dessert at the end of
that week. The reward at the end of the week only after working out is positive reinforcement for them to keep working. Next, negative reinforcement will be applied if my roommate does not stay with their new routine. If they miss a workout period or gain weight, then they will be forced to do something unpleasant, such as a more difficult workout or be denied something they enjoy like time to read or watch television after their school work. Negative reinforcement gives something to the person to encourage them to continue with the right action rather than punish them for it. Finally, to be able to apply these operant conditioning techniques to my roommate, we have to measure his progress. To measure the amount of time they work out at the gym or recreation center, pictures of the time can be used as reference to see progress. As for keeping track of weight loss, measuring someone at the same time each day is the best way to determine their weight. My roommate would be weighed each night and morning in the same clothes to record their weight loss, not what they gain after eating or right after a workout. Operant conditioning can help my roommate stay on their new weight loss plan by reinforcing routines with rewards or negative activities. If my roommate can follow their routine they devised with me, they will be able to reach their goal weight within the month before football tryouts.
Positive reinforcement works by presenting something positive to the person after a desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when a child helps their mother with the dishes and the mothers rewards the child with ice cream. Negative reinforcement, is when a behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus (McAdams, 2009). An example of this could be when the light goes green at a traffic light, the car in front of a person does not move. The person hates when this happens and from experience knows that honking the car’s horn gets cars that are in front of them to go
Schools are in great need of systems, processes, and personnel who are able to support the needs of students with problem behavior. Research indicates, however, that (while I am a big, fat cheater) information has not been made available to teachers and other professionals in a format that allows these strategies to become common practice. Many teachers choose isolated behavioral strategies that are not applied immediately after the problem behavior has occurred.
Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which were developed by American behaviorist B.F. Skinner. In his research, he put a rat in a cage later known as the Skinner Box, in which the rat could receive a food pellet by pressing on a bar. The food reward acted as a reinforcement by strengthening the rat's bar-pressing behavior. Skinner studied how the rat's behavior changed in response to differing patterns of reinforcement. By studying the way the rats operated on their environment, Skinner formulated the concept of operant conditioning, through which behavior could be shaped by reinforcement or lack of it. Skinner considered his discovery applicable to a wide range of both human and animal behaviors(“Behavior,” 2001).
Behavior management is difficult for many instructors in the classroom. One trait that makes it tough is trying to get students to have appropriate behavior. Appropriate behavior can be accomplished through behavior management. In today society there are many ways that one can deal with a student with a disability using Positive Behavior Supports.
In the Social Cognitive Theory reinforcements can be internal factors such as rewarding yourself or they can be external factors. For me my reinforcement came in the form of motivation and support from my friends and the feeling of completion every time I complete a workout class. When I dedicated to join group fitness classes I was fortunate enough to convince a few of my friends to join also and together we have become each other support system. They push me to attend classes and the reinforcement of the feeling of total completion after any given class further motivates and pushes me to continue my positive growth. For any change to be successful we must always push ourselves because when you make a life-style change such as become more physically active and joining group-based fitness we must always continue to work and create new goals because we are always changing and progressing in
Motivation is the answer to the question “Why we do what we do?” The motivation theories try to figure out what the “M” is in the equation: “M motivates P” (Motivator motivates the Person). It is one of most important duty of an entrepreneur to motivate people. It is strongly believe that motivating people with visionary and shared goals is more favorable than motivating through tactics, incentives. There are many approaches to motivation: physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and social. It is the crucial element in setting and attaining goals—and studies show you can influence your own levels of motivation and self-control. According to various theories, motivation may be embedded in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure;
Positive reinforcement is a method of presenting to children the appropriate behavior from the inappropriate behaviors. This is done by pointing out the correct behavior and giving some form of encouraging reward. The idea is that all behaviors
Throughout every person’s life, there will always be moments in time where change will take place. This could range from a variety of events such as changing schools, jobs, or even one’s own home. However, there are some habits that help one stay healthy if they remain consistent. This can consist of altering one’s diet to a healthier one or even enhancing the number hours of sleep one gets per night. A health change behavior goal that I have taken the time to evaluate and accept is necessary will be composed of a ten day exercise program in order to completely change my physical fitness habits. Selecting this health change behavior was the best choice due to the fact that after starting my educational career here at UCI, I had abandoned the active lifestyle that I once had before college. For the past two
...rcise habits. Programs of greater length are more effective than those of shorter length, so maintaining weight loss can be improved by prolonging contact between patients, health professionals, and support groups. Also, programs with clinically demonstrated efficacy should be first choices, like DPP and Look AHEAD. Furthermore, new technologies like smartphones and tablets make it easier and more convenient to monitor food intake, activity, and weight. Call centers, web-based programs, and social networking sites increase the accessibility of lifestyle modification programs. Implementing BT with these electronic delivery channels should supplement efforts to prevent overweight and obesity. It clear that behavior modification is the cornerstone of weight management and, regardless of how the person lost weight, BT is recommended for both weight loss and maintenance.
Reward Management (RM) has been defined as the distribution of monetary and non-monetary rewards to employees in an effort to align the interests of the employees, the organisation, and its shareholders (O’Neil, 1998). In addition O’Neil (1998) also suggests that a RM system can serve the purpose of attracting prospective job applicants, retaining valuable employees, motivating employees, ensuring legal requirements relating to direct and indirect rewards are not violated, assisting the company in achieving human resource and business objectives, and ultimately assisting the organisation in obtaining a competitive advantage.
Negative reinforcement is removing something that is not enjoyable as the result of the behavior that is acceptable example is in Skinners box experiment, a loud noise continuously rang until the rat did what Skinner wanted the rat to do (Cervone, Pervin, Cervone, & Professor of Psychology Lawrence A Pervin, 2013). Positive punishment is used to eliminate a certain behavior and is giving something unenjoyable after the behavior. Negative punishment is used to eliminate a behavior and eliminating something you enjoy after the
My measurable, specific and realistic goal for this quarter is to exercise at least 10 hours a week by weightlifting, running, and swimming for the next 10 weeks. To be able to do that, I would need to have positive reinforcement to keep me going, help give me that little push that I need every day. One positive reinforcement that I absolutely love to use is food. After a hard day of working out, I buy myself something nice to eat, like good pizza or burritos. This way I become more likely to work out knowing that I will get something doo to eat after. I like to believe that food is my number 1 enforcer. It will always be there when I need it, it satisfies me tremendously, and overall it is just ridiculously reinforcing. As a result I try to
It is a common belief that praising a child, no matter how, is beneficial to his or her wellbeing. However, recent research examining external rewards and children’s motivation seems to contradict this long-held notion; in fact, some praise might actually be more harmful than helpful. To start, it is important to give praise that is informational and not controlling or undermining. Children that received a more controlling-type praise, such as “You can do better on the next puzzle,” showed less interest in the task than those who received more informational-praise like “You did very well” (Kast & Connor, 1988). However, negative feedback is better than no feedback at all. College students who received negative verbal feedback, compared to those that received neutral feedback, reported higher task-interest rates and engaged in those tasks more often (Shanab, Peterson, Dargahi, & Deroian, 1981).
I volunteered at Motivate Our Minds on Highland Dr. in Muncie, Indiana. There I assisted students from grades K-8 with homework and other club activities. The main role I serve is “mentor” or role model. We help the teachers get stuff ready for lesson, snack, and club activities. On a daily basis, we would sign in and separate into the two different classrooms K-4th and 5th-8th. They had different set-ups and I got the opportunity to work in both rooms. In the younger room, we would do homework to start out with and then they had a “tic-tac-toe” worksheet for different activities that the children could work through during the week. They then have a meeting they call “community circle”; where they discuss the things that could have gone better and the things that went great that day. By that time, it is time for the SVS volunteers to leave. In the older kid’s room, they start by doing homework, then they do a journal, and finally they do their different community activities. Slowly, both of the classrooms get released to get snack.
Negative reinforcement - a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome. Example; before heading out for a day at the beach, you slather on sunscreen (the behavior) to avoid getting sunburned (removal of the aversive stimulus).