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Perception thinking example essays
Relationship of personality and behavior
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Written Assignment Unit 4
People’s perception and attributions influence the way they behave. Perception explains the way people, organize, and interpret their sensory impressions in order to be in an environment. Peoples’ behaviors are based on their perception of what reality is, and not in the reality itself. Factors that influence perception are factors in the perceiver, factors in the situation and factors in the target. Factors in the perceiver are attitudes, motives, interest, experience and expectations. Each of us has his/her own expectation in judgment. That is why someone can form different impression of the same person with the same behavior.
Attribution theory try to explain why people do what they do and what determine the cause
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These are often wrong. People often have systematic biases, and make incorrect attributions. In this case I understood that my attributional type was internal (due to personal factors such as traits, feeling etc.) and unstable (are expected to change over time). I was attributed her as a person according to my personality, motives, and beliefs. I understood that she has nothing toward me but I expected that single women in this age have certain emotions and motivation. But when I met her I realized that she was lovely, very kind, very interesting, athletics, and she is single because she really wanted …show more content…
The bias happens in two ways, first when we have strong personal attributions and second when we tend to make more personal attribution about the behavior of the others people. Also there is a term the fundamental attribution error who refers when we overestimate the role of personal factors and when we don’t take care of the impact of situations. This error is related and with the correspondence bias, when for instance we attribute behaviors to people’s behaviors without to know the factor motivating the behavior. Sometimes we know about the circumstances but we overlook them and instead we are guessing that this person always acts this way. It is important to know our biases so we can start to correct
The hidden bias test by Project Implicit was interesting method of determining hidden biases. A hidden bias is, “Biases thought to be absent or extinguished remain as "mental residue" in most of us.”(Teaching Tolerance, 2014). Studies have shown a link between biases and behavior and biases can be revealed through an individual’s actions. If biases are revealed through actions then they must be learned. Teaching Tolerance indicates, “Bias is perpetuated by conformity with in-group attitudes and socialization by the culture at large.” (Teaching Tolerance, 2014). This perspective supports the belief which biases are learned and never forgotten and reestablished through behavior. My perception of biases is they are formed through experiences not group conformity. Culture is important influence in forming biases, yet biases can change. According to Teaching Tolerance, even if a bias still changes it lingers in the unconscious. An interesting perspective, biases continue to stay with each of us even if we think it is hidden.
The self-serving bias is the tendency for an athlete to accommodate to factors that paint the athlete in a favorable light. In the athletic realm, individuals portray the self-serving bias to foster future, effective performance in a sport. Whereas an athlete will attribute positive events to the doing of themselves, an athlete will attribute negative events to the doing of others. Although an individual may be inaccurate when imputing a factor, the self-serving bias is a method by which an individual safeguards esteem. It is this protection of esteem that is paralleled in the attribution theory. For instance, an athlete uses the self-serving bias to attribute success as a byproduct of the team. On the other hand, the athlete uses the self-serving
Assumptions influence our perceptions because when assumptions are made, it is often the case that there is not enough information for the assumptions to be accurate. Dillard gives an example that relates to this in her essay when she says, “[We] see what [we] expect” (Dillard 20). When an assumption is formed about a person or situation, then things that agree with that assumption is what is looked for, so that is what will be perceived. This may create inaccurate impressions. Another problem with making assumptions is that it is assumed that there is consistency to others’ behavior and often the focus on negative things about others. When it is assumed that there is consistency to others’ behavior, it is assumed that after seeing them act one way once or twice, they will always act like that. (Beebe 77). These examples relate to another idea that Dillard talks about in her essay. Dillard says, “Peeping through my keyhole I see within the range of only about thirty percent of light that comes from the sun…” (21). This agrees with an idea that people tend to ignore information when making perceptions and only looking at a small portion of the big picture and make perceptions based off of that. An example that relates to all of these would be if someone expects a person to be rude, then whenever those two people interact, rude behavior will be all that is looked for and all that is given any thought. People often form perceptions off of assumptions and small pieces of the big picture which oftentimes makes those perceptions that a person might have
Thought processes can greatly influence people's social interactions, and the way that they live their lives. Cognitions develop how people perceive themselves and others on a daily basis. It is important to investigate how people attribute actions and behaviors exhibited, not only by themselves, but also those around them. These attributions shape the way an observer feels and reacts to others, and how people feel about themselves due to their own actions. The correspondence bias (fundamental attribution error) and the self-serving bias are two errors made in attribution by virtually every human being (Baron & Byrne, 2000). Both of these biases can be shown not only in adults, but also children (Guern, 1999). Even sport spectators display these biases when watching their favorite teams (Wann & Schrader, 2000). When the self-serving bias is absent in people's cognitions, they will show the self-defeating attributions. It is important to study people that demonstrate self-defeating attributions, because these individuals also show symptoms of depression (Wall & Hayes, 2000). Clearly, attributions are an imperative aspect of social cognition. Attributional bias is discussed by Marie Beesley. It is also important to investigate the factors that affect people's judgment biases in decision making and reasoning skills, which is explored by Amanda Wheeler. Because these two processes are so vital to the way in which people perceive themselves and others, and to the way a person chooses to behave, it is important to understand the factors that can cause inaccurate judgments. Judgment biases affect the way people form conclusions and make attributions about others, as well as abou...
Many people’s assumptions are driven by appearance but in some cases the appearance can be
Attribution theory explains people motives by giving an option of disposition or situation, of which we decipher the motive to a behavior. The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to link behaviors with personal characteristics, therefore if someone is murdered a suspect could be someone who really hates them because it gives them a motive. We can characterize a dispositional situation from a situational and come to a conclusion on why someone had a such behavior, and it helps to find a motive based on that. We can infer a motive from a behavior from things like external and internal attributions, so internal traits and responses to things.
Perceptions, and how they might possibly influence me, whether I like it or not, I usually get them all wrong, then again I would rather not have to assume anything about someone. Passing judgment, assumptions or anything that makes me think twice about someone, I tend to stay away from, not because I can come off as passive aggressive, but because when I am wrong, I tend to feel like a jerk afterwards and I must apologize for my interpretation, and potentially misguided judgment. On the other hand, in the event of a crisis or conflict, a perception check can peel back the layers of influence, and expose the wound to continue with effective helpful healing, communication and the understanding of another individual’s circumstances.
The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) is a concept within social psychology that assumes when someone is aggressive, it is due to a flaw in their personality as opposed to a reaction to their personal circumstances (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2015). However, there is typically a situational reason for the other person’s behavior that is not taken into account through the FAE (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2015). I have been guilty of making the FAE myself; for example, I can think of two situations where my frustration led me to believe that there were flaws in my antagonists’ characters. Recently, my mother wanted me to assist my brother in scheduling classes for the semester. Since I was annoyed that my mother was insisting that I assist him when
According to Gibson’s 1989 book organization and management, perception is a cognitive process that is used by individuals to interpret and understand the world around it. Gibson also explained that perception is the process of how individuals give meaning to their environment or surroundings. Meaning that each individual would give a meaning or interpretation of a stimulus differently to others even though the object in question is the same. Most of the time the way a person view the situation is often more important than the situation itself, It can be concluded that the definition of perception is a process of sensing, the stimulus received by an individual through the sensory organs and then interpreted so that the person can understand and know about the stimulus the individual has received. The process of interpreting the stimulus is usually influenced by the person’s experience and individual’s learning process.
Attribution theory correlates with how people exemplify events and how it affects their behavior and thinking. People making casual explanations is known as attribution theory. It was established over time from different social psychologists, especially Fritz Heider who played a major role in producing the theory in 1958. Heider wrote about attribution theory in his book called The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships. External attribution is when behavior is altered by influences outside of your control. Internal attribution is caused from an inside factor that falls within your control. Your behavior is not influenced and you feel responsible.
The attribution theory is important to us as a coaching staff because it will help to guide
The way that each individual interprets, retrieves, and responds to the information in the world that surrounds you is known as perception. It is a personal way of creating opinions about others and ourselves in everyday life and being able to recognize it under various conditions. Each person’s perceptions are used as a kind of filter that every piece of information has to pass through before it determines the effect that it has or will have on the person from the stimulus. It is convincing to believe that we create multiple perceptions about different situations and objects each day. Perceptions reflect our opinions in many ways. The quality of a person’s perceptions is very important and can affect the response that is given through different situations. Perception is often deceived as reality. “Through perception, people process information inputs into responses involving feelings and action.” (Schermerhorn, et al.; p. 3). Perception can be influenced by a person’s personality, values, or experiences which, in turn, can play little role in reality. People make sense of the world that they perceive because the visual system makes practical explanations of the information that the eyes pick up.
With regards to human behavior, studies show that social perceptions are formed as a mixture of experience and expectations of how a individuals defining physical or overriding characteristics will impact how we imagine that person to be for instance through their ethnicity, nationality, religion, class or if they are living with a disability. These assumptions are often deep-rooted and formed in childhood.
The way people decide to see the world will affect where they go, and how they will make decisions. A good example of this is: someone who sees the world as a wonderful place will most likely want to travel, and experience life, but someone who sees the world as a scary place will most likely stay in the house. The reason why two people can be such opposites is because one might gear their attention to the scary things while the other decides to look at the wonderful things. How they decide to perceive those experiences or events might affect their decisions as well. So really, when looking at it, perception can make or break someone. Ultimately, perception will represent how someone chooses to see the world, and how they choose to live their
We make inferences about the actions of people that we do not make about inanimate objects. People have beliefs, motives, or intentions. Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused. That determination depends largely on three factors: