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Contingency theory in leadership
Contingency theory of leadership
The strength and weakness of contingency leadership theories
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Organizational Behavior
This essay answers the following three questions:
1) Compare Mr. Meyerson’s leadership style versus Mr. Perot’s based on the Michigan and Ohio state behavioral theories of leadership.
2) Utilizing Fiedler’s Contingency Theory of leadership, explain how either Meyerson’s or Perot’s style might be most appropriate based on specific characteristics of the situation at Perot Systems.
3) Evaluate the situation at Perot Systems from the point of view of the discussion on New Leadership.
Employee centered supervisors are those who place strong emphasis on their concerned
with getting the work done. Sometimes, the more general terms human relations oriented
and task oriented are used to describe these alternative leader behaviors.
Consideration and initiating structure are highly considerate leader is sensitive to
people’s feelings, and much like the employee centered leader, tries to make
things pleasant for his or her followers. In contrast, a leader high in initiating
structure is more concerned with defining task requirements and other aspects of
the work agenda; he or she might be seen as similar to a production-centered
supervision. Meyerson’s concern was emphasis on profit at the expense of people.
He believed that technology, customers, the market, and what people in
organizations wanted from their work had all changed his previous times at EDS.
Meyerson wanted to move Perot Systems toward a co...
2) “Attitude reflects leadership, captain”. That shows that Julius is satisfied by the way his captain is thinking. Managerial leadership has influenced organizational activities in many ways. These influences include motivating subordinates, budgeting scarce resources, and serving as a source of communication. We are referring to the LPC contingency theory. "The first and perhaps most popular, situational theory to be advanced was the ‘Contingency Theory of Leadership Effectiveness' developed by Fred E. Fiedler" (Bedeian, Glueck 504). This theory explains that group performance is a result of interaction. (Online reviews)
Pierce, Jon L. and John W. Newstrom (2011) 6th edition. Leaders and the Leadership Process.
Situational leadership is a theory which was designed in 1969 by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The “contingency theories of leadership” states that a leader’s effectiveness is dependent on their behaviours in relation to different situational factors. Thus, situational leadership theory, relates to how a leader 's effectiveness is depend on their ability to adjust their leadership behaviour to the required level of the “followers” capability or if the situation is modified.
The situational leadership theory states that leaders use different styles and strategies depending on the situation. There are two models that support this theory. The Fiedler’s Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness states that an “effective leadership occurs only when there is an ideal match between the leader’s style and the group’s work situation” (pg
Lauer, C. (2008). The 4E Leader: Hack Welch's Winnging Leadership Formula. In The Management Gurus.
Distinguish between assigned and emergent leaders. Give an example of an instance in which you “emerged” as a leader. Explain how your communication might have facilitated your emergence as a leader. Include information from one outside source, in addition to the textbook, and include all appropriate APA documentation.
What drives motivation? How far will one go to achieve their goal? Does it mean compromising their ethical beliefs or will they succeed following their ethical compass? For many, they will do just about anything, include being unethical. No boundary, no barrier, no obstacle will stop them. A great example is Margaret Tate, an Executive Editor in Chief of a book publishing firm from the movie “The Proposal”. The movie depicts various management and observation behavior concepts covered in Organizational Behavior such as communication process model, power and counter power, the MARS Model, and values and ethics.
McFadden, C., Eakin, R., Beck-Frazier, S., & McGlone, J. (2005). Major approaches to the study of leadership. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 9(2), pp 71-75.
“Contingency theory is a class of behavioral theory claiming that there is no best way to organize a corporation, lead a company, or make decisions” (Pfeffer, 1997). There is no simple or one right way to run things. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, two men named Henri Fayrol and Frederick Taylor continued the study of contingency theory. Research in the 1970’s dealt with the organizational structures and leadership styles for different situations (Thompson, 2005). Contingency theory was started by Joan Woodward, whose company research found that different types of processes were linked to different structures and amounts of control. She said that certain organizational forms are appropriate for certain forms of work. Woodward was a pioneer for the theory. Woodward composed several studies using differential variables such as management levels of a company, industry compressions, and management styles in her measurement (Thompson, 2005).--. From those tests, she has identified that there are three influential aspects to contingency theory: environmental, organizational, and leadership. These factors are the key components that influence the success of a business.
Looking at the differing approaches and theories to leadership, it is important to note that all varying theories do have their strengths and weaknesses (criticisms as proposed by Northouse 2009). These strengths can be used as and when required and the criticisms are yet to be concluded on
In the contingency leadership theories both the task and the follower’s characteristics are used to determine which behavior is better suited for effective leadership. Within the contingency approach are several factors to consider: the quality of relationships, tasks and activities to be performed, perceptions of the leader based on history, the motivation of both the leader and the follower, and personal characteristics influencing the situation (Leadership Theories and Studies, 2009). The first contingency leadership theories studies were conducted by Fred Fiedler, a leadership researcher and the earliest pioneer in the field of contingency leadership, who focused on how situational variables interact with leader personality and behavior (Contingency Approach to Management, 2009); from these studies he developed the contingency leadership model. The contingency leadership model is used to determine whether a person’s leadership style is task– or relationship-oriented, and if the situation (leader-member relationships, task structure and position power) matches the leader’s style to maximize performance (Lussier & Achua, 2010). Fielder discovered that leadership effectiveness was dependent on the factors of the leader–follower relationship, task structure, and leader position.
In this paper I will look at the four major leadership styles, their characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and in what situations a particular leadership style is desired. Additionally, I will look at my leadership style and how I acquired this style throughout my career.
Lussier, R.N. & Achua, C.F. (2010). Leadership: Theory, application, skill development (5th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western.
We can divide the theories that deal with leadership in 3 chronological groups. First were the trait theories. Until the 1940's, research in the field of leadership was dominated by these theories. Second came the behavioral theories which were very influent until the late 1960's. Finally, contingency theories are the most modern theories about leadership.
Organizational behavior is the study of the many factors that have an impact on how people and groups act, think, feel, and respond to work and organizations and how organizations respond to their environments. (George & Jones, 2005) Organizational behavior is particularly important to managers, who are responsible for supervising the activities of one of more employees.