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Essay on phillis wheatley poems
Wheatley Phillis poems
A essay about phillis wheatley
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“On Being Brought from Africa to America” is a short, lyric poem by African-American poet Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) that aided her in gaining literary success. Written as an eight line stanza with 10 syllables per line. The poem utilizes rhyme in the joining of the four couplets in the text. The end rhymes are strong, and the italization in the text emphasizes the diction of the poem. The punctuation, specifically the periods, are used to demonstrate the end of a thought or idea in the poem, as well as aid in identifying the shift. The strength of the rhymes suggests that the Wheatley used her choice in language for the end rhymes to fortify the connection between each pair of lines, and to express a specific significance behind the words.
Wheatley was born in West Africa around 1750, and was captured when she was 7. John Wheatley purchased Phillis for his wife, Susanna; together they taught Phillis how to read and write, and as early as 12, Phillis was writing poetry and her first poem had been published. Wheatley’s poems implicitly advocated for racial equality, while condemning slavery. Her work received some negative feedback from political figureheads, such as Thomas Jefferson. White America classified a human as having the ability to read, write, and reason; therefore, leaving no room for the uneducated Africans, seeing Africans as nonhuman. Jefferson claimed Wheatley’s work was not literature because the moment he admitted Wheatley’s work was indeed literature, he would have had to admit she was a human being. The way Phillis Wheatley handled the adversity she faced is admirable. Wheatley definitely impacted American history, and “owes her place in history to advocates of inequality” (Young 1999
Throughout the poem, “To the University of Cambridge, in New England”, Phyllis Wheatley suggest that she accepted the colonial idea of slavery, by first describing her captivity, even though this poem has a subversive double meaning that has sent an anti-slavery message. Wheatley’s choice of words indicates that her directed audience was educated at a sophisticated level because of the language chosen. Her audience was assumingly also familiar with the bible because of the religious references used. The bible was used as a reference because of its accessibility. Wheatley uses religious references to subversively warn her readers about slavery and its repercussions and to challenge her reader’s morals.
Perhaps Wheatley’s most well-known poem, “On being brought from AFRICA to AMERICA” is short but poignant in both its biblical allusion and
Mason, Jr., Julian D. The Poems of Phillis Wheatley. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
The eyes of potential soul arose into the world in Senegambia, and half way around the world in Easton arisen a soul to be etched into the world forever. A girl , no , a woman I should say given the strength possessed in the soul of her body and mind and certainly a man , a man who will grow to learn fathoms of knowledge breaking the impenetrable minds of those who heard silence. These two were of separate shades although fused from one deep pigment. Two of the most renowned black writers that were for the abolitionist movement in America were Frederick Douglass and Phillis Wheatley. During the times of slavery, finding a literate black slave who could read the very words of a paper who could then think for themselves and stand up to show who they were , to speak with wisdom to tell off the silenced cowards who looked away at the reality of the world was rare . These two authors with bold spirits managed to write literature that inspired the minds of people to change. Wheatley would move her readers with a delicate, yet powerful literature while Douglass would use strong authoritative use of words. ……During the years of 1773 and 1845, works of perfection and meaning arose. In 1773 a work by Phillis Wheatley was published. A poem called “On Being Brought from Africa to America” that had described a doomed destiny but enclosed in a veil of liberation and sovereignty. Wheatley was one of the more passive writers. She knew she was a slave reckoned with no moral standing in the eyes of the whites, and she was aware of her place in society as against the whites. She knew the only way to grasp the attention of her readers was to enflame them in anger. When analyzing slavery...
The poetry of Phillis Wheatley is crafted in such a manner that she is able to create a specific aim for each poem, and achieve that aim by manipulating her position as the speaker. As a slave, she was cautious to cross any lines with her proclamations, but was able to get her point across by humbling her own position. In religious or elegiac matters, however, she seemed to consider herself to be an authority. Two of her poems, the panegyric “To MAECENAS” and the elegy “On the Death of a young Lady of Five Years of Age,” display Wheatley’s general consistency in form, but also her intelligence, versatility, and ability to adapt her position in order to achieve her goals.
The level of her intelligence is evident through out her poems as she makes reference to various subjects such as religion and politics. She was one of the pioneers to disprove the majority consensus that Africans are incapable of learning such kinds of knowledge. Although the exact understanding of her identity is ambiguous to many, It is quite clear to see that in her poems she envisioned better times ahead where all regardless of race and color can live in peace and harmony. Through her poems, Wheatley subtly expressed her visions, imaginations of the new world “Columbia” where America will be unified, free from oppression and tyranny.
Phillis Wheatley was the first published African-American female poet, but it was in London that her work was published, not in the United States. The poems that appeared in the New England newspapers and eventually in Poems on Various Subjects: Religious and Moral were published in 1773. Wheatley was born in Africa and kidnapped into slavery at the age of seven and transported to North America aboard the slave ship, Phillis. She was held in captivity for two months and sailed through the middle passage to Boston (Caretts, 1). She was bought by a John and Susanna Wheatley on July 11, 1761; they choose her name from the slave ship, Phillis. Their daughter, Mary immediately adored Phillis and began to teach her Latin, Greek, Religion, English
The clash between racial reality and idea is what is artistically shown in “on being brought from Africa to America”. Wheatley is a subtle rebel. At the beginning of her poem she shows thanks for being enslaved because it brought happiness to her life in finding Christianity, but as time goes by we start to see the true tone of Wheatley, which clearly show in the last two lines of the poem, now Wheatley begins to take a big position of power as if she already has the attention of the reader. Wheatley continues by saying that Africans may not be perfect but the Christians who enslave human beings aren’t
Phillis Wheatley was one of the most renowned poets of the eighteenth century and her poetry's was as good as the best America poetry of her age. She was born in Gambia, Africa as a slave child and sold to John Wheatley in Boston on July 11, 1761. She was the first African-American to publish a book of imaginative writing and the first to start the African-American literary tradition. She combined religion and neo-classicism in her poems and most of her poems propose an escape from slavery. She rejoices death and the rewards and liberty of life after death.
It seems to be that the African-American woman who had experienced slavery longed to attain a new life after she passes. The audience may be able to conclude that Wheatley wrote about this topic because she hoped everyone could live on and experience a better life after death. The audience may also be able to conclude that Wheatley did not live the life she would have chosen to leave. She experienced extreme and harsh conditions under rule of higher figures. She lived as a servant all her life and worked every single day under cruel circumstances. The after-life was a sign of hope for Wheatley which seems to be a reoccurring theme within each poem she had written. This poem also touches upon the idea that African-American slaves were known to not have been well-educated. They did not receive the same treatment as others and were not exposed to the luxuries, life had to offer. As a poet, Wheatley used a lot of personification in her writing to help the readers better understand the points she was trying to make. This showed how skilled the African-American woman truly was. This technique ultimately showed the level of intelligence African-Americans had, where being able to form and grasp abstract thoughts was known to be almost impossible for slaves. In the poem, “On the Death of Dr. Samuel Marshall, 1771,” Wheatley personifies Boston in the second stanza and also personifies sickness in the third stanza. These lines
In the poem “On Being Brought From Africa to America”, the author, Phillis Wheatley, states, “‘Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land,” (Phillis Wheatley). This statement goes to show the point of view that she had on most of her life. Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) was closely associated to the Colonialism movement which ranged from 1600-1800. During this time was where anyone could pursue individual happiness, and, politically and socially, the concepts of the medieval world were abandoned. Wheatley’s build up from certain events and specific circumstances she has been in, have helped inspired her to become one of the first and greatest African American poets in the world.
Phillis Wheatley, a slave from Gambia, was the first Black poet in America to publish numerous books and poems during the mid to late 1700s. She was not treated as badly as other slaves brought from Africa since her owners, the Wheatleys, brought education into her world, (Andrew Spacey, Owlcation.com). Writings from the Latin, Greek and the Bible helped her learn to read and write, as her popular poems were influenced by famous poets, such as John Milton, Thomas Gray and Alexander Pope, (Jennifer Benka, Poets.Org). After releasing various poems, being acknowledged by George Washington and receiving praise throughout the Colonies and England, her poem “On Being Brought from Africa to America” elicited mixed emotions about slavery. Slavery,
Historical experts believe to point to the year 1765 in which she started to produce her own publishable works of poetry, that she gained international attention for in 1770 when her works were first published in the newspaper throughout New England. Now in 1773, ‘On Being Brought From Africa to America’, was found in the first full volume published work by an African American, let alone a woman, ‘Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral’, which examines the theme of adventurism and of spiritual awakening sprouting from being thrust into American society and being shown mercy and understanding through educational well-being. As such she was then a part of the flowering dialogue of the emerging American Republic, using her poems as the English version of ancient heroic Greek neoclassical works. However instead of using her voice as a protest to the slave trade like in ‘On Being Brought From Africa to America’, she surprisingly reveals her menial acceptance of her slave attributes and understanding of the immoral practices it holds. Without a doubt Phillis Wheatley will be known as a classic masterful poet of the time, and has been and will be praised for her astounding
Phillis Wheatley was a phenomenal poet who was given more opportunities than an average slave and an average African American poet at the time she lived. Wheatley was blessed to get more chances than the rest of the slaves in her time. For example, the Wheatley’s “did not excuse Wheatley from her domestic duties but taught her to read and write”(3). Wheatley’s slave owners were very wealthy people with children. Giving Wheatley teaching lessons gave her a step ahead in poetry and showed her the faith that people had in her, creating a great deal of encouragement. Wheatley’s first poem was written when she was 12 and “by the time she was eighteen, Wheatley had gathered a collection of twenty-eight poems.”(5) Wheatley’s poems spoke to more than