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Obesity causes and effects
Obesity causes and effects
Obesity in america and heart disease
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The obesity in the US has drastically increased in the last few decades due to an increase in the consumption of unhealthy foods and reduced physical activity levels. Nearly 78 million adults and 13 million children in the United States are dealing with the health and the emotional effects of obesity every day. Because obesity has massive implications in regards to the health of our society, this issue is cited almost daily in the news, on radio and televisions, journals and magazines. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta (CDC) more than thirty percent of our adult population is diagnosed as obese, and there are several hundred of thousands of deaths each year that are associated with diseases caused by obesity as a primary contributing factor. There are several well know diseases caused by obesity, such as type two diabetes, cancer, sleep apnea, depression, arthritis and many types of hearth or cardiovascular health concerns, which overall affect mortality rates at high percentage levels. Obesity contributes to the growth and development of heart diseases because it is triggering in the blood stream increased triglyceride levels, increased lipids levels and reduced “good” cholesterol. We also know that Cardiovascular Diseases are the Number 1 killer in America (according to CDC)! According to the statistics from the American Heart Association, Cardiovascular Diseases are claiming 1 in 2.5 deaths in America, being followed by Cancer. This translates in short, according to the sources, that about every 25 seconds, an American will suffer a coronary event, and about every minute someone will die from one. These numbers are frightening and that is why our entire society must be constantly educated... ... middle of paper ... ... Treatment Strategies. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2014. 2. "Heart and Cardiovascular Diseases." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2014. 3. Jin, Jill. "Obesity and the Heart." JAMA 310.19 (2013): 2113. JAMA Network. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. 4. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factor, Paradox, and Impact of Weight Loss. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53(21):1925-1932. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.068. 5. "Obesity and Stroke: What is their connection?." American Heart Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2014. 6. Poirier, P.. "Obesity And Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, And Effect Of Weight Loss: An Update Of The 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement On Obesity And Heart Disease From The Obesity Committee Of The Council On Nutrition, Physical." Circulation 113.6 (2006): 898-918. AHAJournals. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.
It was to this respect that, the search could detect ‘’hypertension’’ as the leading risk factor for heart disease. And this preceded three quarters of heart failures cases as compared to coronary artery disease, which led to most heart failures in less than 40% of the cases. Also, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter became a mirror to the Framingham study as incident heart diseases in the individuals who are free from myocardial infarction. Although studies have shown that, the manifestation of heart failures can be present without the left ventricular systolic dysfunction, other risk factors could lead to that. Also, they (Framingham study) were able to detect ‘’too much of cholesterol’’ as a link to cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, research believed that has elevated among certain heart diseases such as coronary heart often leads to stroke, too high blood pressure among numerous patients. Having said that, the search discovered ‘’obesity’’ also as a concomitantly with hypertension which elevates lipids and diabetes versus questions on smoking behavior. Having said that, these risk factors are believed to have attributed to heart diseases. Therefore, it became a national concern to the general US population and that of the fourth director of Framingham heart study, William Castelli
Harvard Medical Group “Best medicine: The science of exercise shows benefits beyond weight …..loss.” Harvard Heart Letter. 23(11) (2013) 6
Being overweight or obese are risk factors for many chronic health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and … cancers.”
Obesity is becoming a major health problem in developing countries like Australia, North America, Europe and other developing nations. The Australian Diabetes, obesity and life style study (AUSDIAB) predicts the changes in glucose indices; health behaviour and incidence of diabetes in 5 year follow up experiments among 5842 participants (Barr et al., 2007). This study suggests that a large number of Australians suffered mortality due to cardiovascular diseases associated with abnormal glucose metabolism every year. The Framingham Heart Study revealed that hypertension, diabetes and left ventricular remodelling lead to the development of congestive heart failure (Levy et al., 1996). The Framingham Heart Study also found that a 5% increase in weight increases the chance of hypertension by 30% over a four-year period of time. An increased sympathetic activity, impaired renin-angiotensin system, retention of fluid volume, peripheral vasoconstriction, dyslipidaemia, increased blood viscosity due to the increased haematocrit and fibrinogen may increase pressure overload on heart in obesity (Schunkert, 2002). Several studies also suggest that the cause of hypertension itself may contribute to left ventricular hypertrophy in obese individuals as the increase of BMI increases the chance of hypertension (De Simone et al., 1994; Avelar et al., 2007). High dietary fat intake increases the expression of angiotensin IB(AT1B) and Endothelin A (ETA) receptors (Neilsen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2005). Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and endothelin 1 (physiological vasoconstrictor agents) were increased in both obese patients and animal models (Barton et al., 2000; Neilsen et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2005). Recent studies have shown that reduced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO; a major vasodilator) from L-arginine in endothelial cells is a major factor contributing to the impaired action of insulin in the vasculature of obese and diabetic subjects. Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Growing evidence suggests that arginine plays an important role in regulating metabolism of energy substrates in mammals (Frank et al. 2007; Jobgen et al. 2006). NO is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase. As a signalling molecule, physiological levels of NO stimulate glucose uptake, as well as glucose and fatty-acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and adipose tissues (Jobgen et al. 2006). Nitric oxide also inhibits the synthesis of glucose, glycogen and lipid in liver and adipose tissues and enhances lipolysis in subcutaneous adipocytes (Jobgen et al.
“Obesity Information.” American Heart Association Obesity Information. American heart Association, 27 February 2014. Web. 04 Apr. 2014
Heart disease and obesity goes hand in hand. There is much more of a common occurrence for people who are overweight will more and li...
Along with an increase in cardiovascular disease, the rate of obesity is rising as well. Obesity is linked to a number of other diseases, known as comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease. Because of the adjustments the body must make to function in severely overweight individuals, cardiac structure must adapt to the adipose tiss...
N.a. “What causes overweight and obesity?” National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. N.p., N.d. Web.
Obesity is a severe public health problem which can threaten our health. This is because obesity is a factor that can develop into certain chronic diseases later life, for examples diabetes, cancers and cardiovascular disease (L. Cai, J. He, Y. Song, K. Zhao, W. Cui, 2013). Obese persons have higher risk of many health conditions, such as sleep apnea, mental health conditions, stroke and osteoarthritis(CDC, 2011). Cardiovascular diseases can be caused by obesity and they were the top cause of death in 2008. BMI 25.0 to 29.9 has higher risk of co morbidities and BMI more than 30 has moderate to serious risk of co morbidities. Underweight less to cause dea...
We live in a lazy nation and one that suffers from many health related issues associated with obesity. “Obesity is a national health crisis…”(Freedman 1). People are not very understanding of the effects of obesity. “ Health risks of obesity… cardiovascular disease, asthma, high blood pressure, adult-onset diabetes, uterine an...
Society should consider the physical and emotional problems of obesity in our nation. “Obesity is defined as an excess proportion of total body fat (Mayo Clinic).” American society has become increasingly obese, “characterized by environments that promote increased food intake, unhealthy foods, and physical inactivity (cdcinfo@cdc.gov).” Our nation increasingly has become consumers of a fast food diet. It is so simple to just pick up food on the go and not deal with the hassle of cooking and cleaning up afterwards. What are nation needs to acknowledge is the health risks they will obtain if they do not acquire a healthy life style.
Being overweight or obese are risk factors for many chronic health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and … cancers.”
contributing to obesity. Obesity is linked to several other long-term conditions: premature death and illness, includin...
Obesity is defined as having excess adipose tissue. Adipose tissues main role is to store energy for the body in the form of fat. When determining the amount of adipose tissue there are many different methods, Body Mass Index (BMI) being the most common one. Body mass index is calculated by taking a person’s weight in kilograms and dividing in by their height in meters squared (“What is Obesity”). It is shown that being obese is dangerous because “excess adiposity or obesity causes increased levels of circulating fatty acids and inflammation. This can lead to insulin resistance, which in turn can lead to type 2 diabetes” (“What is Obesity”). From type 2 diabetes to high cholesterol, hypertension, gallstones, heart disease, fatty liver disease, sleep apnea, GERD, stress incontinence, heart failure, to birth defects and miscarriages, asthma and other respiratory conditions, and even numerous cancers, people who are obese are much more at risk for these than individuals who are not obese. This disease has gradually increased since the 1960’s and currently affects more than one third of all U.S. adults. Almost 12.7 million children in the U.S. are considered obese (“Childhood Obesity Facts”). The number of diseases and health defects that being obese can lead to is alarming. Obesity is a serious issue in America that affects too many
“Obesity is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and several types of cancer. About 70 percent of obese youth have at least one additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (for example, hypertension or high cholesterol), and nearly 40 percent have at least two additional risk factors”