This report presents the implementation of a Clock element and the use of the seven segment display on the Altera DE2-115 board. This experimentation with the clock and display are valuable since they are a precursor to future labs to come. In order to make these items work it required the use or Verilog code, which was given for parts 1, 2, and 3.
In Part 1, the user was presented with code that enables use of the internal clock on the DE2-115(Appendix A-1). After compiling the user was to find a value for X would allow LEDR[0] on the DE2 to blink. In order to store a larger value for the count X their is a need to increase the count bit size from [17:0] to something large enough to store a number larger than 262,193. After adjusting the size from 50 to 5,000, a pattern begins to emerge. The larger the value the further you move down the rows of LEDs’ closer to LEDR[0]. The value for X turned out to be approximately 1.3 million. In addition to the physical implantation, their was also a simulation created to show what happens when the clock reaches a particular value(Appendix A-2). This presented the outcome of LEDs’ blinking on the DE2-115 board.
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Part 2 of this lab was the implementation of the seven segment display.
The task was to four switches on the DE2-115 to display a full set of possible digits. The code was given again, with a modular approach, as seen in Listing 2. The first piece was making it possible for each digit to be displayed by using a module called hex7seg(Appendix B-1). The main module called upon the hex7seg module and passed along the input switches and what to output to(see Appendix B-2). The outcome of this part was expected, the controlling of the seven segment
display. Part 3 was a continuation of part one by implementing all eighteen switches on the DE2-115 to control three additional segments on top of the four from part 2. All that was needed to accomplish this was to create a 16bit input and the corresponding outputs wires that allow HEX0 thru HEX4 to be used. Once the i/o’s are configured pass those along the hex7seg module to allow for all possible digits to be display on the DE2-115. (See Appendix C for code). Outcome was as expected for this part, allowing use of the switches to control the different numbers of the segment display. Part 4 was a culmination of everything that has been presented in this lab. Use of code from all previous parts was contingent on getting this to work. The user was tasked with using the counter, and the display, to display numbers incrementing on the DE2-115 hex display. In order to visualize this, it was necessary to create flow chart to coordinate the previous modes together(See Appendix D). The creation of a flow chart was beneficial as putting everything in general terms. With the chart you can build off of it and make all the modules work together. It was helpful and figuring out where to pass your new variable and getting it to work with all the previous modules. Results were as expected, the first hex display incremented from 0-F at the speed of our previously set count X value. Some considerations of this would be what part may have been the most beneficial? The step in part 4 where you have to implement a new variable for the display, and then pass it to the hex7seg was extremely useful. This serves as an example on how to do such in the future. In this lab, the use of the modular coding method seemed to be very beneficial since you can have multiple modules that call upon each other. Another idea for expansion of this lab would be to have the counter incremented the display from right to left. Meaning HEX0 be one, then HEX1 be 2, and ect, count up to F then wrap back around and start at zero again. Overall, this lab was a successful learning experience. After being exposed to new ways of programming and use of flow charts, it has laid the foundation for future labs to come. The outcomes seemed to be as expected since 90% of the code was given to use. This lab will prove useful to come back and reference in future labs that may use the DE2-115’s clock.
The unknown bacterium that was handed out by the professor labeled “E19” was an irregular and raised shaped bacteria with a smooth texture and it had a white creamy color. The slant growth pattern was filiform and there was a turbid growth in the broth. After all the tests were complete and the results were compared the unknown bacterium was defined as Shigella sonnei. The results that narrowed it down the most were the gram stain, the lactose fermentation test, the citrate utilization test and the indole test. The results for each of the tests performed are listed in Table 1.1 below.
This code actually proved vital to the success of the Allied efforts in World War II. Because the Code Talkers performed their duty expertly and efficiently, the Marines could count on both the ...
Okay, if our lithium weight is going to be 6.941 g/moL Then that means we have to take 24.6g of Lithium and multiply it by 1 mol of Lithium over 6.941 g of Lithium. This would equal to be 3.544 mol of Lithium. Then we have to take that 3.544 and multiply it by 1 mol of hydrogen gas over 2 mol of lithium. Which would then equal into 1.772 mol of hydrogen gas. We can then figure out that 1.772 is our “n”. The “T” is our 301 Kelvin, the “P” is our 1.01 atm and the “R” is our 0.0820 which would be the L atm over mol k. And we can’t forget about our “V” which would be V equals nRT over P which equals 1.772 mol divided by 0.0820 L atm over mol kelvin multiplied by 301 kelvin over 1.01 atm which equals to our final answer of: 43.33 of H2
In the process of this experiment, there were a total of two bilingual aphasics and eight monolingual aphasics who were tested through nine different EF test batteries to measure their level of EF which includes behavioural inhibition (response inhibition & interference control), working memory, planning/problem solving and reconstitution. The nine EF test batteries consists of the Stroop Color Word Test, Trail Making Test, Self-Ordered Pointing Test, Complex Figures, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Tower of London, Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Five Point Test and Design Fluency. The main focus of the experimentation was to test these 10 different individuals through conversation to investigate their EF profiles. To attain these results, each
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“I never trusted instruction manuals,” Mr. Rams said. “We all know that most people don’t read them.” He insisted that the operating systems of Braun’s products should be as simple and logical as possible. Buttons, dials and switches were arranged in an orderly sequence. Color coding was used for guidance: red for “off,” green for “on”...
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The history of computers is an amazing story filled with interesting statistics. “The first computer was invented by a man named Konrad Zuse. He was a German construction engineer, and he used the machine mainly for mathematic calculations and repetition” (Bellis, Inventors of Modern Computer). The invention shocked the world; it inspired people to start the development of computers. Soon after,
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A client in the early 70’s from Japan wanted to recruit Intel services to design twelve chips for their calculators. Knowing that they did not have the manpower or the resources to complete this job effectively, Ted Hoff agreed to the job just the same to any other challenge. His idea was: “What if we can design one computer chip which could function the same as twelve microchips?”. Hoof’s idea was completely embraced by Moore and Noyce. If this project was effective and that the chip could have the ability to receive command functions. After a conscient...
As a top company in the semiconductors and processor industry, Advanced Micro Devices specializes in developing computer microprocessors and similar technologies. AMD creates processors for servers, workstations, and personal computers. Its products also include microprocessors, chip-sets, graphics processors, and embedded processors. The history of this company if an interesting and long one. AMD has been around for awhile and has amassed quite a history for themselves. This paper will go over the evolution of AMD processor's as well as the evolution of the company itself.
The Whirlwind computer had a video display that was controlled interactively by a light gun. The display attracted users much more than computer code. The Whirlwind computer became the basis for SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment), a defense command-and-control system developed for the Air force. In the 1960s Ivan Sutherland’s MIT doctoral thesis introduced a Sketchpad interactive drawing system, which established the theoretical groundwork for computer graphics software (Machover 14). In the mid-1960s, computer graphics was booming in private industry. General Motors had released DAC-1 a computer-aided design system, and Itek developed the Digigraphics electronic drafting machine. By the late 1960s the first storage-tube display terminals appeared, shortly followed by direct-view storage tube display terminals (DVST) which cost thousands of dollars; however this was an improvement to the tens to hundreds of thousands spent initially for display systems. In the 1970s Turnkey systems emerged, beforehand users had to develop software to make their hardware work however turnkey systems provided a haven to users from software issues. Bit-mapped raster displays developed as memory...
My interest in Computers dates back to early days of my high school. The field of CS has always fascinated me. The reason for choosing CS stream was not a hasty decision. My interest started developing in the early stage of my life, when I studied about the invention of computers. The transformation from the large size to small palmtops enticed me to know about the factors responsible for making computers, also the electronic gadgets so small. I was quite impressed after seeing a small chip for the first time in my school days, especially after I learnt that it contained more than 1000 transistors, “integrated circuits”.
At VRSEC, I had the good fortune of having a well-compiled syllabus, which placed equal emphasis on theoretical subjects as well as practical applications. Subjects such as Computer Organization, Digital Logic Design and Microprocessor Applications laid a solid foundation in th...
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