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Investigating the Tower of Hanoi's End
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Conclusion
There were two main goals of this investigation. The first one was to find an equation that would produce the perfect number of moves for any number of disks that are being used in the puzzle. The second goal was to find a pattern between all of the different number of disk puzzles. The first goal of finding an equation was accomplished through trial, error, and logical thinking. By first graphing the data points, many equation types were able to be eliminated and a focus was put on exponential equations until the equation that worked perfectly with the data was found. The second goal was also accomplished in a similar manner. When there was not a clear correlation between the 3 disk puzzle and the 4 disk puzzle, the 5 disk puzzle
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was tested and there was a more noticeable similarity.
The first 7 moves and the last 7 moves of the 5 disk puzzle are the same as solving the 3 disk puzzle. This means that the 7 disk puzzle will start with the same 31 moves for the 5 disk puzzle and the same 31 moves to finish the 7 disk puzzle. The 6 disk puzzle was also completed but there are not any pictures or commentary in this investigation. The 6 disk puzzle showed that the first 15 moves and the last 15 moves of the 6 disk puzzle are the same as solving the 4 disk puzzle. This shows that the odd number disk puzzles have the same pattern and the even number disk puzzles have the same pattern. This means that if the player knows how to solve the previous odd or even number puzzle, they can solve the beginning and end of the next odd or even number puzzle perfectly. Overall, the two goals are going to make solving this brain …show more content…
puzzle easier. Going back to the origin story, there were apparently 64 golden disks that when perfectly placed, the world would end. Using the equation, y= 264-1, this puzzle would take 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 moves. If one disk were to be moved per second, the puzzle would be completed in 5.85E11 years which is about 584 billion years. For comparison, the Earth itself has only been around for roughly 4.5E9 or 4.5 billion years. Reflection Based on the research and testing that was done in the exploration, a successful conclusion was reached.
The first goal of this internal assessment was to find an equation that would help to calculate the perfect number of moves for each puzzle no matter how many disks were being used. By testing how different function lines matched up with the three base points, there was a clear correlation and an equation was easily found. After the first goal was met, the second goal of this internal assessment was put into action. The second goal of identifying a pattern or algorithm to perfectly solve each puzzle every time was a more difficult challenge. Now that there is an equation for the number of moves and a recognizable pattern between the odd numbered disks and the even numbered disks, the goals of this internal assessment have been met. In the introduction, the story behind the Tower of Hanoi was explained. The story involved the 64 golden disks and the end of the world. If these disks existed, it would be interesting to see how moves it would take to be completed. When plugged into the function (y=264-1), the total number of moves was 18,446,744,073,709,551,615. Now that is an impressive number. This application was a fun twist on the original goals of this
investigation. This topic interested me because I am a perfectionist and I always love to complete tasks flawlessly. Brain puzzles are always interesting and I have seen the Tower of Hanoi before but I had never completed the puzzles myself. This internal assessment was an opportunity to investigate something that fascinated me as well as allowed me to learn more about equations and patterns while having fun. When I was finding the equations, I think I really expanded my knowledge on exponential equations as well as my problem solving skills. I was able to come up with solution after solution when many of my original equations didn’t work. During this investigatigation, I also learned a good deal about patterns. The first couple of times that i was trying to solve the 5 disk puzzle, I hadn’t even realized that the first 7 moves were the same as the sequence to complete the three disk puzzle. Once I figured that out, the puzzle was easy to complete and it would make solving any other puzzle simple as well because if the puzzle can be started correctly, all of the moves leading up to the end solving sequence of the puzzle should have the same starting position of the previous odd or even puzzle. This means when doing the 7 disk puzzle, the first 31 moves will be the exact same as the 5 disk puzzle. The next 65 moves in the sequence will put the 5 smallest disks back on the first peg and then the last 31 moves will be the same as completing the 5 disk puzzle. All of these disk moving sequences will help to solve the 7 disk puzzle and these sequences will help to solve any larger odd number of disk puzzles. Overall, I think that the goals of this investigation were effectively met and that I learned a lot more that I thought I was going to and I think this IA was a success.
The unknown bacterium that was handed out by the professor labeled “E19” was an irregular and raised shaped bacteria with a smooth texture and it had a white creamy color. The slant growth pattern was filiform and there was a turbid growth in the broth. After all the tests were complete and the results were compared the unknown bacterium was defined as Shigella sonnei. The results that narrowed it down the most were the gram stain, the lactose fermentation test, the citrate utilization test and the indole test. The results for each of the tests performed are listed in Table 1.1 below.
Cognitive Abilties: Problem solving a huge abiltity that Abby uses in the dance world. If one of the dancers is off in the group dance, Abby must figure out why they are off and tell the dancer how she can fix it to be in sync with the others. As Abby looks in the mirror at the group dance, she can tell if one dance will make or break the number. Abby must decide if one of the dancers must be removed from the number. For example, Kalani was removed from
Triphenylmethyl Bromide. A 400 mL beaker was filled with hot water from the tap. Acetic acid (4 mL) and solid triphenylmethanol (0.199 g, 0.764 mmol) were added to a reaction tube, with 33% hydrobromic acid solution (0.6 mL) being added dropwise via syringe. The compound in the tube then took on a light yellow color. The tube was then placed in the beaker and heated for 5 minutes. After the allotted time, the tube was removed from the hot water bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. In the meantime, an ice bath was made utilizing the 600 mL plastic beaker, which the tube was then placed in for 10 minutes. The compound was then vacuum filtered with the crystals rinsed with water and a small amount of hexane. The crude product was then weighed and recrystallized with hexane to form fine white crystals, which was triphenylmethyl bromide (0.105 g, 0.325 mmol, 42.5%). A Beilstein test was conducted, and the crystals produced a green to greenish-blue flame.
This week’s lab was the third and final step in a multi-step synthesis reaction. The starting material of this week was benzil and 1,3- diphenylacetone was added along with a strong base, KOH, to form the product tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The product was confirmed to be tetraphenylcyclopentadienone based of the color of the product, the IR spectrum, and the mechanism of the reaction. The product of the reaction was a dark purple/black color, which corresponds to literature colors of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The tetraphenylcyclopentadienone product was a deep purple/black because of its absorption of all light wavelengths. The conjugated aromatic rings in the product create a delocalized pi electron system and the electrons are excited
Levine states that children have two ways in which they organize the information they receive from the world around them. He refers to these methods as sequential ordering and spatial ordering. He defines spatial patterns as, “assembled parts that occupy space and settle on the doorsteps of our minds all at once” (Levine, p.151). Many examples are given of when spatial ordering is prevalent, for instance, when a student draws a map or recognizes the features of a person’s face. Levine defines sequential patterns as information gaining “admission to the minds one bit at a time and in an order that’s meant not to be missed” (Levine, p.151). He says that sequential ordering is used when students try to master a science project or learn a telephone number. Neurologically, Levine states that sequential ordering is carried out on the left side of the brain and spatial ordering is carried out on the right side of the brain. He also makes references to the possibility of childr...
1. a) Federalism is a system in which national and state governmental share power in order to govern the people. They share powers in regards to law making, the execution of laws, and how the laws are carried out.
The game's rules were designed by Catherine L. Coghlan and Denise W. Huggin. The purpose of the game is to change a familiar game like Monopoly that most students know into a teaching tool to teach students how real society functions. (*See the end of the post for links to their study and directions for playing the game.*)
The game of Go is an ancient board game which until recently has resisted attempts to automate Go game playing moves by computer. This document will investigate the use of Artificial Intelligence to aid the construction of a Go playing program. Also, this document will examine the latest thinking in AI, applying where such thinking might aid a computer program to play Go. The history of Go Game programs will also be examined with a view to mining techniques that they employ.
Cognitive psychologists have long focused in identifying how people identify approach the two major types of problems: well-defined and ill-defined. For the most part, scientists have come up with theories and models to explain in general terms how people elaborate steps to come up with solutions. However, there are some problems which cannot be defined and analyzed with a single model. These special kind of problems are called insight problems and usually require a bit of contemplation and creativity beyond that of regular ill-defined problems; thus they have presented a challenge for people to evaluate and measure. In this paper I will focus in one particular insight problem called the nine-dot-problem and review some of the experiments and theories that have been proposed to describe a path to its solution. But first I think it is important to become aware of what exactly distinguishes well-defined problems and ill-defined problems from one another.
Although Dr. Reid’s brain and my brain are not the same, we both use our intelligence to solve
The risk of CVDs is usually predicated by a blood test that measures the level of lipoprotein because atherosclerosis is caused by high triglyceride levels, increases in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, and decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (5). The majority of HDL consists of Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) protein, where it exists mostly in the lipid-bound form in human plasma. ApoA-1 has anti-atherogenic properties (6), where it helps protect against the formation of abnormal fatty deposit within the walls of arteries. It has a specific role in lipid metabolism where it removes cholesterol from issues to the liver for excretion using a process called reverse cholesterol transport (7). Both ApoA-1
Mental rotation is another classic cognitive psychology paradigm, which was devised by Roger Shepard at Stanford. To understand how this task works, take a look at the shapes in the top panel (A) of Figure 12.3. The two shapes are the same; the one on the right has been rotated clockwise by about 90°. By contrast, the pair of shapes on the bottom row (B) do not match. If you look carefully, you will notice that they are mirror-
The game reveals many mathematical concepts even though it is rather simple. My aim for this mathematical exploration is to put the Tower of Hanoi to the test and find out (according to the legend) how long we have until the end of the world.
Although the majority of people cannot imagine life without computers, they owe their gratitude toward an algorithm machine developed seventy to eighty years ago. Although the enormous size and primitive form of the object might appear completely unrelated to modern technology, its importance cannot be over-stated. Not only did the Turing Machine help the Allies win World War II, but it also laid the foundation for all computers that are in use today. The machine also helped its creator, Alan Turing, to design more advanced devices that still cause discussion and controversy today. The Turing Machine serves as a testament to the ingenuity of its creator, the potential of technology, and the glory of innovation.
The history of the computer dates back all the way to the prehistoric times. The first step towards the development of the computer, the abacus, was developed in Babylonia in 500 B.C. and functioned as a simple counting tool. It was not until thousands of years later that the first calculator was produced. In 1623, the first mechanical calculator was invented by Wilhelm Schikard, the “Calculating Clock,” as it was often referred to as, “performed it’s operations by wheels, which worked similar to a car’s odometer” (Evolution, 1). Still, there had not yet been anything invented that could even be characterized as a computer. Finally, in 1625 the slide rule was created becoming “the first analog computer of the modern ages” (Evolution, 1). One of the biggest breakthroughs came from by Blaise Pascal in 1642, who invented a mechanical calculator whose main function was adding and subtracting numbers. Years later, Gottfried Leibnez improved Pascal’s model by allowing it to also perform such operations as multiplying, dividing, taking the square root.