This experiment was to see the effect of the fungus, a naturally occurring material in soil, and its mutualistic relationship with plants. In particular, the fungus mycorrhizae on dwarf little marble peas was studied along with the effects molasses had on the fungus. It was predicted that the plants with the mycorrhizae and the fungus would produce better results in growth, weight, and number of fruits/pods. The results showed this hypothesis to be true from the data: the plant with mycorrhizae and molasses had a greater length, beared more fruit/pods, weighed more, and had a shorter internode length than any of the others.
Introduction:
Imagine all the nutrients, like nitrogen, potassium, phosphate, water, and minerals, that are in regular soil; some put there by decomposing plants or animals and others by rain, fungi, and organic wastes. A good question to ask is how does this type of soil help a plant flourish and grown to its best potential? Since plants are made up of a root system, which are responsible for anchoring the plant and water and nutrient uptake, it is good to take a look at the kinds of nutrients that the plant will be up taking. One of focus is fungi, which is engrained in the soil. The fungus attaches to the plant root to sometimes help with nutrient intake, but also at times, can hinder the plant by absorbing its resources.
Mycorrhizae are a type of fungus that helps the plant’s productivity by absorbing more nutrients, help it grow, and improve on the root system (Fan et al 2011). It also helps the plant take up nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus, help against the effects of water scarcity, and increase the health of the plant by protecting it from diseases and insects (Saia et al 2014). The mycorrh...
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...f the plants grew. The raw data, containing a total of fifteen plants, showed the live mycorrhizae with the molasses grew more and in full than the other plants. The killed mycorrhizae with molasses cups and some of the killed mycorrhizae with no molasses cups contained plants that did not sprout. These plants might not have grown either because the seeds were ineffective or the plants were not watered enough; the mycorrhizae with molasses would survive with this because the fungus is able to reduce the water stress (Saia et al 2014).
An improvement on this experiment could have been the watering; instead of twice a week, it could’ve been everyday and a consistent amount of water—maybe a set of up of sprinklers instead of hand watering the plants. Another improvement could have been a weed type plant guaranteed to grow, in order to better measure and collect results.
Sordaria fimicola belongs to the kingdom of fungi and is part of the phylum Ascosmycota. This fungus habitat is in the feces of herbivores. As many fungi Sordaria have one life cycles which is haploid/ diploid. It is commonly exits as a haploid organism, but when the mycelium from two individuals meets, the result is a diploid zygote. This diploid zygote which undergoes meiosis forms eight haploid ascospores . The ability of Sordaria to make 8 haploid ascospores is what makes it unique and important for the laboratory exercise done in lab.
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
Sordaria fimicola is a species of microscopic fungus that is an Ascomycete and are used to test for genetic variation in the lab setting (Sordaria fimicola: A Fungus used in Genetics, Volk). These organisms are what are called model organisms, or species that has been widely studied usually because it is easy to maintain and breed in a laboratory setting and has particular experimental advantages (Sordaria fimicola, Volk). S. fimicola, because it is in the Ascomycota phylum, have a distinguishing reproductive structure called the ascus, which is surrounded by the perithecium. This cylindrical sac-like structure houses 8 haploid spores; created through meiosis to produce 4 haploid spores and then mitosis to make 8 (Lab Manual, pg. 59-68). Based on the genotype they will vary in order and color. There are 3 different ratios that can arise from the 8 ascospores: 4:4, 2:2:2:2, and 2:4:2 (black/wild type and tan coloration). The 4:4 ratio suggests that no crossing over had occurred because there is no difference in order of the color parents that were mated. The two other ratios suggest genetic recombination, or crossing over, because of the
The primary nutrients that plants require are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from air and water. Sugar has a different effect on animals, humans, and plants. In this experiment, we are testing the effects of sugar on the growth of wheatgrass. For this experiment, we used regular sugar that we put in our food and drinks. To test our hypothesis we are using two groups control and experiment group. The control plant received only water but the experimental plant received sugar but, both plants were placed in the same temperature and same amount of water. Our hypothesis was correct, experiment plant “sugar water” yield more plant growth than control plant “water”. This experiment shows the sugar water plant grow faster than water because of the average of both plants. The sugar water experiment plant had longer in length compared to water control plant.
Every student in a lab section planted eight seeds, two in each cell in a quad, to make sure that we had at least one plant for each week for 4 weeks. After planting the seeds we put the plants on a water mat tray to make
In wild type culture of C-ferns, it is expected that there will be a high concentration of antheridiogen since the hermaphrodites are producing antheridiogen. The greater the population density of C-ferns, the higher the concentration of antheridiogen; hence a high percentage of male gametophytes in the wild type cultures.
After various experiments it shows that my hypothesis supports my by experiment because it shows that the germinating corn absorbed more oxygen faster than the peas because the peas were already soaked in water. Germinating peas and germination corn needs more energy than non-germinating peas and corn, so that case they require more oxygen for respiration , meanwhile non germinating pea needs to consume way less
Burpee, Lee, and Richard Latin. 2008. "Reassessment of Fungicide Synergism for Control of Dollar Spot." Plant Disease 92.4: 601-06.
As a result of these factors, the flora has adapted to these conditions in a variety of ways including their shape, leaf type, root system, and color. One of the most prominent adapt...
Comparing the Growth of Pea Plants Grown in the Light and in the Dark Aim: To compare the vertical growth and weight gain of pea plants grown in the light and in the dark. Background Knowledge: Photosynthesis forms the basis for this experiment. This is the process by which a plant makes food for itself from the raw materials around it. The energy needed for photosynthesis comes from sunlight, which is the variable for this experiment.
Only twenty one species have been found to share this mutualistic association with C. avellana, an example being the fiery milk mushroom or hazel milk cap (Lactarius pyrogalus) which is largely restricted to growing with hazel. Another example of a species that is dependant on C. avellana is an ascomycete fungus (Hypocreopsis rhododendri), which is shown growing on C. avellana in Figure 3. Mycorrhizal partnerships are symbiotic; both of the organisms within the relationship will benefit. Within a mycorrhizal, the fungus receives sugars from its plant host. Because fungi do not photosynthesise and plants do photosynthesise, the plant host becomes a very important source of energy for the fungus.
Root colonization in this crop may vary from 28.53% to 46.53% at different places of district Chaheru village, while spore population ranged between 100 to 300 per gram of soil. Sixteen species of VAM fungi belonging to 4 different genera were identified. Among of these Alternaria-brassicae and Colletotrichum-gloeosporioids were mostly found in dominating and distributed in Root followed by Peronospora parasitica and Rhizoctonia solani were distributed mostly only in the Leaves.VAM fungi Acaulospora elegans and Acaulospora sporocarp were mostly found. Colonization per cent has paramount and positive correlation with the spore’s density. The Physicochemical properties of the soil especially pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and available potassium influence the population dynamics and colonization of VAM Mycorrhiza in mustard crops (Arpita et al.,
There are macronutrients and micronutrients that are essential in woody plants growth. Macronutrients are required by plants in relatively large amounts they include; nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur and calcium. Micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts they include; iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum and chlorine. In the prairies soils are known for having a slightly high pH. This means that they tend to be basic and can actually tie up certain nutrients in the soil. Lime-induced chlorosis is caused by a pH imbalance in the soil that holds up iron in the soil. When a soil has a pH that is higher than normal iron in the soil becomes unavailable. It is not a deficiency of the micronutrient but the pH imbalance that will cause interveinal-chlorosis in plants. Knowledge of nutrient requirements and deficiency symptoms will aid in proper diagnosis of
Soil is the most important non-renewable resource on any farm. Healthy soil is key to a good
The soil of an area depends on climate, plant life, animal life, and human interference. For example, the soil of a city, buried under all the concrete, is different from the soil in the Scottish Highlands. While in the city there are only small animals and humans, the Scottish Highlands are populated by wolves, Highland cattle, and humans. In the city, plant life is scarce. This can affect the soil type as well. A plant is a living thing, made up of nutrients