Mustard (Brassica) is a rotational cover or winter annual crop i.e., mostly used in vegetable and as well as production of raw crop. Mustard crop mostly have the potential to prevent suppress weeds, erosion, alleviate soil compaction, soil-borne pests and scavenge nutrients (Clark, 2007). Mustard crop has fastest fall growth, high production of biomass, and nutrient scavenging capability following for high insert of cash crops. Field mustard that can be grown as a cover crop alone or in a mix with other family of Brassica legumes or small grains. Mustard plant is the plant which is mostly used as a food flavoring, as an emetic, diuretic, and for forage, as well as a tropical treatment for inflammatory conditions such as rheumatism and arthritis. Mustard plants also have the potential for pharmacological effects in disease of cardiovascular, cancer, and also in diabetes; however, there are constrained clinical tribulations to fortify its use for any designation.
Root colonization in this crop may vary from 28.53% to 46.53% at different places of district Chaheru village, while spore population ranged between 100 to 300 per gram of soil. Sixteen species of VAM fungi belonging to 4 different genera were identified. Among of these Alternaria-brassicae and Colletotrichum-gloeosporioids were mostly found in dominating and distributed in Root followed by Peronospora parasitica and Rhizoctonia solani were distributed mostly only in the Leaves.VAM fungi Acaulospora elegans and Acaulospora sporocarp were mostly found. Colonization per cent has paramount and positive correlation with the spore’s density. The Physicochemical properties of the soil especially pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and available potassium influence the population dynamics and colonization of VAM Mycorrhiza in mustard crops (Arpita et al.,
Introduction The mystery spore lab challenged us to identify what division within kingdom Plantae a group of mystery spores belonged to. The lab was designed to demonstrate that we can identify the division that the spores belonged through observing their growth, their structural characteristic (presence of chloroplasts, chlorophylls,
“There is currently considerable interest [in North America - SG] in developing English plantain as a pasture plant for grazing livestock as part of an effort to reduce the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and replace them with medicinal herbs or their active principles”
The purpose of our experiment was to test whether or not the Wisconsin Fast Plants, or Brassica rapa, followed the Mendelian genetics and its law of inheritance. First, after we crossed the heterozygous F1 generation, we created an F2 generation which we used to analyze. After analyzing our results, we conducted a chi-square test for for both the F1 and F2 generations to test their “goodness of fit”. For the F1 generation we calculated an x2 value of 6.97, which was greater than the value on the chi-square table at a p-value of 0.05 and 1 degree of freedom (6.97 > 3.84). This meant that we had to reject our hypothesis that stated there would be no difference between the observed and expected values. This showed us that the F1
The first topic to be discussed in this paper is a description of Hydnum repandum, which was until recently referred to as Dentinum repandum. The description of the fungi will start with the appearance of H. repandum, and will be followed by the life cycle of the noted species.
The “Fast Plant” experiment is an observation of a plants growth over the span of twenty-eight days. The objective is to observe how plants grow and use their resources throughout the span of their life. In our lab we observed the Brassica rapa, a herbaceous plant in the mustard family which has a short cycle which makes it a perfect plant to observe in this experiment. Like other plants the Brassica rapa must use the resources in the environment to create energy to complete itʻs life cycle and reproduce. By observing the plant it is easy to see in what organ or function the plant is using itʻs energy and resources and if overtime the resources switch to other part of the plants. By conducting this experiment we are able to observe where and how plants allocate their resources throughout their life by harvesting plants at different points in their life.
...e been beneficial to the experiment. An error may have occurred due to the fact that measurements were taken by different individuals, so the calculations could have been inconsistent.
The fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum over winters as sclerotia either in the soil or in stubble at the soil surface (Morton and Hall, 1989). If the weather (moisture and temperature) is favorable, small mushroom-like structures called apothecia will be produced on the sclerotia. Each sclerotia can several apothecia. Apothecia can produce millions of spores called ascospores. Ascospores will be released in air when the apothecia is mature. Some ascospores land on canola plants and infect dead canola tissues like fal...
The leguminosae family, more commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family; contain most of the plant species that form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria. About 20,000 species of legumes form their symbiosis with rhizobia; a nodule-inducing bacteria. Legumes have emerged as a very valuable resource for many countries for various reasons. The seeds of legumes are very high in protein, and some can also be rich in oil. Some countries donate up to 60% of their arable land in order to plant various types of this plant family. This family of plants is also used to enhance soil fertility and is a valuable source of wood. In various agricultural systems, the need for chemical fertilizer is greatly reduced due to the nitrogen fixation of the symbiotic bacteria that is hosted by the legumes. In some areas, almost 50% of the nitrogen added to the soil is due to this symbiotic relationship (3). Although an exact estimate of this symbiosis is hard to determine, legume-rhizobia relationships remain important to the function and composition of many natural ecosystems throughout the world (2).
A pinch of Bearberry was added for a mild sedative effect during tribal council meetings. Bearberry was also used as a potent diuretic and antiseptic, to treat kidney stones as well as urinary tract infections. Teas made from bearberry are used to treat enlargement of the prostate gland. Women used the herb during heavy menstrual periods or vaginal infections. Some forms of diabetes are treated with this herb because it increases the body’s output of insulin. Bearberry can also be used as a douche, mouthwash, and antiseptic. The herb Black Cohosh is so effective in relieving women’s menopausal problems that some doctors find it as an acceptable alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy. Black Cohosh has been shown to reduce hot flashes, sweating, headaches, vertigo, heart palpitations, and tinnitus. The Native Americans used it in difficult childbirth to relax the muscles of the uterine walls. Other uses for this herb were to relieve arthritis pain, scarlet fever, smallpox, and whooping cough. One of the best features of Black Cohosh is to repel insects. A plant called Black Haw was uses to relieve menstrual cramps and has been proven to work as a uterine antispasmodic or relaxant. Dr. John Brickwell, an 18th-century medical authority used the plant to heal wounds. Dr. James A Duke, PH.D found that the plant contains four substances that help to relax the uterus. Native Americans chewed the plant and used the leaves as a paste to reduce the swelling of sprains. Black Haw grows as a bushy shrub 10 to 25 feet tall. The plant produces dark blue berries that are very sweet to eat. One of the greatest contributions Native Americans made to the modern world was the introduction of corn. Corn has also been used for its healing powers. Native Americans would drink a beverage made from corn to treat problems with the Kidneys and Bladder. A corn beverage was also used to
With the rapid growth of our global population pouring into the next millennium, we will witness an ever-growing hunger rate around the world. That is unless we call for a revolution on the global scale. The Green Revolution which already sprouted in the early part of the century only need to add a bit more momentum and we will see a bright future for the human race, a future without hunger and starvation ¡V hopefully.It is becoming increasingly difficult for the planet to support its overwhelming population. And since the amount of arable land available is becoming scarce, we must seek ways to dramatically improve crop yields of existing cropland.
...and to resist disease and pest include but are not limited to: tomatoes, potatoes, papaya, peas, and squash. (NERC 2005)
The topic I’m speaking on is Periwinkle and Lemon Grass. Periwinkle was first found in Madagascar where the calid climates are located. It is known to treat many things. The main thing it is used for is leukemia and Hodgkin’s disease.
Cook, R.J. “Influence of Water Potential of Soils and Plants on Root Disease”. Annual Reviews: A
Since the plant’s domestication the sunflower has been one of the most important crops in production that is native to North America, comparable to maize and wheat. The sunflower, what was once a plant utilized only in the Americas is now one of the most widely and diversely recognized used plant species in the world.
Studies have shown that there are bacteria and fungi with certain strains that live in soil. When they are applied to the seeds, they can aid crops by invigorating plant growth or by decreasing the damage created from plant pathogens bred from the soil. Another example is the bacterial species, Mycorrhiza. It is a fungus, which is able to form a union with a majority of land plants. When this action occurs, that symbiotic relationship assists to increase uptake by the root system to about 90 percent. This in turn helps the plant take in water and nutrients from deep inside the soil. It also allows the activation of genes and physiological changes in the plant which helps them to survive drought circumstances. Other microbes are also able to lift a plant 's resistance to bugs. A larger focus on microorganisms colonizing our plants and sharing a symbiotic relationship with them would greatly improve yields and lessen the need for costly fertilizers and pesticides. Information such as this would be very useful for students in college who are interested in businesses such as