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Significance of Mendel's law
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DISCUSSION
The purpose of our experiment was to test whether or not the Wisconsin Fast Plants, or Brassica rapa, followed the Mendelian genetics and its law of inheritance. First, after we crossed the heterozygous F1 generation, we created an F2 generation which we used to analyze. After analyzing our results, we conducted a chi-square test for for both the F1 and F2 generations to test their “goodness of fit”. For the F1 generation we calculated an x2 value of 6.97, which was greater than the value on the chi-square table at a p-value of 0.05 and 1 degree of freedom (6.97 > 3.84). This meant that we had to reject our hypothesis that stated there would be no difference between the observed and expected values. This showed us that the F1
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This meant that we had to reject our hypothesis for the dihybrid cross which stated that there would be no difference in the observed and expected values. This showed that the F2 generations did not follow Mendelian genetics because it did not express a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. In both our F1 and F2 generations, we had to reject our hypotheses because they did not follow the Mendelian genetic inheritance pattern show by our results above. Because both the F1 and F2 generations of Brassica rapa failed to follow the Mendelian genetics inheritance pattern, there could have been some biological errors that cause this to happen. An example of this is that maybe not every single plant got the exact same amount of water or same amount of sunlight, causing the plants to grow differently and therefore deviate from the Mendelian’s law of inheritance. To prevent this from happening in the future, what could have been done was measure out the amount of water each plant got rather than just watering each plant casually. Also, for the amount of sunlight, steps could have been taken to ensure that each plant would get the exact same amount of light and not get different amounts just because of where they were
This experiment was performed to test two hypotheses concerning the plant hormone gibberellic acid and a mutant rosette shaped phenotype of the plant Brassica rapa. This experiment was done in order to test the effects o gibberellic acid on plants and its effect on rosette shaped complexes. The two hypotheses in this experiment are as follows: Hypothesis number one states that Gibberellic acid allows for stem elongation in plants. Hypothesis number two. The rosette complex in the rosette phenotype plant contains less gibberellic acid naturally and therefore grows shorter.
The Brassica rapa plants were bred to live in the colder states of America, such as Michigan and Wisconsin. Up there they have very few times it is actually warm enough for plant growth. So to take advantage of those few short moments, Dr. Williams bred a ...
“Twinkle, twinkle little star. How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high. Like a diamond in the sky.” In “Snapping Beans,” by Lisa Parker, there are numerous symbols, but the most significant and sentimental one is the evening star. Lisa exploits the evening star to demonstrate how the same thing can still emerge worlds apart, yet at the same time tie people together.
The idea of the project was to experiment breeding Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly) to figure out if certain genes of that species were sex linked or not (autosomal). A mono-hybrid cross and di-hybrid cross was performed. For the mono-hybrid cross, white eyed female and red eyed male were placed in one vial for them to reproduce. For the di-hybrid cross, red eyed and normal winged flies and sepia eyed and vestigial winged flies were placed in their vial to reproduce. In the mono-hybrid cross the results expected were within a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Expected results similar to the expected desired null hypothesis proposed with what the F1 parental generation breeds. The potential results would have had to have been within the ratios of 9:3:3:1. The results were clear and allowed the null hypothesis to be correct. The white eyed gene in the fruit flies is sex linked. Sepia eyes and vestigial wings are not sex linked and are examples of independent assortment.
Guy de Maupassant’s Mathilde Loisel and Eugenia Collier’s Lizabeth are two characters enduring what they perceive to be an abject state of existence. In Maupassant’s narrative, “The Necklace,” Loisel longs for material things she cannot have. In a similar way, Lizabeth, the protagonist of Eugenia Collier’s “Marigolds,” perceives her own life in the shantytowns of Maryland as dreary and dull. Despite their different character traits and backgrounds, Collier’s and Maupassant’s characters have similarly negative perspectives towards their own lives that greatly influence their actions and consequently, the outcome of the story.
Brassica rapa is a mustard plant that can be found throughout North America, and is common in areas undergoing extreme change, such as changes in climate. There is an important relationship between the ecological and genetic factors that influence the growth of Brassica rapa (Mitchell-Olds 1996). So, the environmental elements, as well as the genetic information, are essential to the growth rate and survival of Brassica rapa. This plant is capable of reproducing quickly, and the root systems are usually quite small, although some Brassica rapa have developed larger root systems (Mitchell-Olds 1996). This plant is commonly used in experiments because of its ability to germinate rapidly. Brassica rapa is capable of sprouting within a stage of about two weeks, and this trait allows scientists to perform experiments in a short period of time.
Is being numinous more satisfying when you don't have moral concepts to add on to that belief?
The major topic of this experiment was to examine two different crosses between Drosophila fruit flies and to determine how many flies of each phenotype were produced. Phenotype refers to an individual’s appearance, where as genotype refers to an individual’s genes. The basic law of genetics that was examined in this lab was formulated by a man often times called the “father of genetics,” Gregor Mendel. He determined that individuals have two alternate forms of a gene, referred to as two alleles. An individual can me homozygous dominant (two dominant alleles, AA), homozygous recessive, (two recessive alleles, aa), or heterozygous (one dominant and one recessive allele, Aa). There were tow particular crosses that took place in this experiment. The first cross-performed was Ebony Bodies versus Vestigle Wings, where Long wings are dominant over short wings and normal bodies are dominant over black bodies. The other cross that was performed was White versus Wild where red eyes in fruit flies are dominant over white eyes.
Gregor Mendel was born into a German family, as a young man Mendel worked as a gardener and studied beekeeping. In his later life Mendel gained his fame as the founder of the modern science of genetics. The research that was his claim to fame was his pea plant experiment. Mendel looked at seven different characteristics of the pea plants. For example with seed colors when he bred a yellow pea and green pea together their offspring plant was always yellow. Though, in the next generation of plants, the green peas reemerged at a 1:3 ratio. To explain what he had discovered, Mendel put together the terms “recessive” and “dominant” in reference to specific traits. Such as, in the previous example the green peas were recessive and the yellow peas
With plants of the genus Brassica importance in the form of vegetables and oilseeds (Wang and Freeling 2013), the results of this experiment offer a view into their inheritance patterns which can in the long term be replicated for different outcomes. Augustine et al. discuss the importance of these plants’ traits in terms of food production by stating that studying the mutations of Brassica may lead to improvement of crops by expressing mutations that are desirable phenotypic traits (2014). Brassica are an important part of the global food supply and if any plants can be genetically altered by selective fertilization then those steps should be taken to produce larger, more efficient, or shorter cycling plants. This experiment has supported the inheritance of traits according to Mendel by examining the inheritance of anthocyanin in B. rapa.
This was a great post because I learned a lot about the Septima Poinsette Clark. I learned that she was an African American educator who was fired as a teacher because of her role to change segregation laws so black students could be taught by black teachers. I learned she developed workshops for reading and writing to help African Americans gain civil rights to vote.
Biologist, Gregor Johann Mendel, discovered how traits passed from one generation to the next. Mendel studied and used pea plants to discover the principles that rule heredity. He found that each parent, father, and mother pass down traits to their offspring, who inherit different combinations of their recessive or dominant alleles-terms introduced by Mendel during the 19th century. Mendel introduced important principles teaching us that recessive traits will only be shown in the phenotype if both alleles are recessive. Mendel’s laws of inheritance include the Law of segregation and the Law of independent assortment.
Childhood. The period of time between ages three to eleven .The times where you learn lessons by simply living your life. Adolescence, by the age of 12 we almost know how to completely take care of ourselves. Lizabeth from Eugenia Collier’s “Marigolds” is at a point in her life where her adolescence is fading into the long path of adulthood. He twisted and conflicted emotions and thoughts crowd her judgment. The adult in Lizabeth begins to shine through her twisted teen emotions and develop her sense of sense of compassion throughout the entire story.
I took the poem “Snapping Beans” by Lisa Parker and personalized it. I took her original meaning about feeling homesick, and turned it into a poem about feeling the exact opposite of being homesick: joyfulness about being in a new environment that is more inclusive and open-minded towards LGBTQ+ people.
Chickpea is an herbaceous annual plant which branches from the base. It is almost a small bush profusely branched, erect or spreading, reaching a height of 0.2-1 m, appearing glandular pubescent, olive, dark green or bluish green in color. Leaves are imparipinnate, glandular-pubescent with 3-8 pairs of leaflets with rachis ending in a terminal leaflet. Leaflets are ovate to elliptic, 0.6-2.0 cm long, 0.3-1.4 cm wide; margin serrate, apex acuminate to aristate, base cuneate; stipules 2-5 toothed or absent. The inflorescence consists of solitary flowers, sometimes 2 per inflorescence and borne on 0.6-3 cm long peduncles, 7-10 mm long calyx; while the bracts are triangular or tripartite; the corolla is 0.8-1.2 cm long and varies