A population of Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) on the path was found to have higher trampling tolerance than populations away from the path; this reflected the sharp differences in the conditions of the plant at these sites. Ribwort Plant had generally a higher tolerance to trampling than any other plants as more were found on the path, but there were less compared with other plants as distance increased from the path. These results suggest that the competition level found on the path was sufficient enough to impose a selection pressure for the evolution of tolerance in a sensitive species, but in some areas the distribution of Ribwort Plantain were the same. This provides that other conditions affect the tolerance of trampling for Ribwort Plantain.
“There is currently considerable interest [in North America - SG] in developing English plantain as a pasture plant for grazing livestock as part of an effort to reduce the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and replace them with medicinal herbs or their active principles”
The plantains seem to have been an herb of particular importance to the Anglo-Saxons, both medicinally and magically. The Anglo-Saxon “Nine Herbs Charm” mentions plantain or “waybread” as effective against “the loathly foe roaming over the land”. Plantain also appears as one of the three herbs making up the ointment used in the charm Wiþ Færstice (“Against a Sudden Pain”), one of the best-known spells against the ailments variously known as elf-shot, witch-shot, troll-shot, u.s.w.; and the culprits in this spell are likewise described as riding over the land. The roots of smooth plantain (probably plantago major) are included in the Leechdom recipe to cure someone who has the elfsogoþu (either “alf-hiccup...
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...rogramme which includes post-treatment grazing and techniques to reduce soil fertility12.
On the other hand, Ribwort Plantain appears as if balanced on the top of their thin, wiry stems, it only grows up to 50 cm, therefore, in a competition for light, away from the footpath, where other plants are competing for light, it will be kept under the shade of Tor Grass. Consequently, without enough light, there’ll less photosynthesis occurring, therefore, less inorganic material turned into organic material for plants to use as sustenance to survive. Likewise, fewer plants will breed and eventually reproduce, which may be why there were less Ribwort Plantain as the distance from the footpath increases. Additionally, increased soil depth results in increased water-logging. Although Ribwort Plantain is moderately resistant to trampling, it is not impervious to waterlogging.
I am going to identify the plants in each area and count them. I will
Investigating the Effect of Light Intensity on the Size of a Plantain Leaf Title: To investigate the effect of light intensity on the size of a plantain leaf. Hypothesis: I predict that the size of the plantain leaves would increase as the light intensity decreases. Therefore, plantain leaves found in the shade will have larger surface areas than leaves found in an open area. Theory: Sunlight is an essential factor need to complete the process of photosynthesis.
How does the vegetation surface type affect the amount of runoff? Speculate why this happens.
When it comes to genetic diversity and migration, migration is known as the movement of genetic diversity within a species. Migration of genes not only happens in animals but also in plants through pollen dispersal, vegetative propagules like rhizomes and suckers among others. Migration or in other term gene flow, is said to take place both with the proceeding front of a population when it is colonizing new areas. This happens when genes of two or more populations mix through pollen and seed dispersal. In this case, migration rate is mainly related to the frequency of reproduction and the distance over which seeds and pollen usually disperse.
For years farmers have been adding natural fertilizers to their crops. It is a big risk though. Over fertilizing is very dangerous. It puts high concentrations of salt into the soil. It can also affect the water resources nearby. Nitrogen, Phosphate, and Potassium are the basics of fertilizer. If a certain nutrient is short in supply the fertilizer might not work as well. Calcium, iron, manganese are also nutrients that might be needed. So don’t just trust the fertilizer bag that says it has all the nutrients, test it out. (Miller and Levine 717)
Factory farming is a necessary component of our modern food production and supply system. In 2005, the U.S. produced 45.7 billion pounds of red meat. It efficiently produces and distributes huge quantities of food to feed the growing population of America. But the overfeeding of antibiotics in the U.S. meat industry has gotten to the extreme and it calls for a drastic change in order to prevent a potential public health crises.
This experiment was performed to test two hypotheses concerning the plant hormone gibberellic acid and a mutant rosette shaped phenotype of the plant Brassica rapa. This experiment was done in order to test the effects o gibberellic acid on plants and its effect on rosette shaped complexes. The two hypotheses in this experiment are as follows: Hypothesis number one states that Gibberellic acid allows for stem elongation in plants. Hypothesis number two. The rosette complex in the rosette phenotype plant contains less gibberellic acid naturally and therefore grows shorter.
The plants of the genus Brassica include species very important for research and agricultural purposes including vital vegetable and oilseed crops (Augustine 2013). Research for these plants typically aim to increase their nutritional value and develop traits such as herbicide tolerance, sterility, and disease and pest resistance (Gupta 2012). One plant that can be used for research is Brassica rapa, in the form of Wisconsin Fast Plants, which are a rapid cycling variety that can be used for genetics investigations (Kinds Plants 2014).
...l production, and to expand animal agriculture research. The evidence of antibiotic resistance from sub-therapeutic antibiotics supports the need to eliminate this practice. In spite of farmers and pharmaceutical companies losing money, it is in the best interest of society to ban the practice of giving animals sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics in their feed. Increasing the research on the effects on the environment caused by the large animal feed lots is a large epidemiologic undertaking that should be seen through. In an effort to protect antibiotics and reduce antibiotic resistance, the overall use of antibiotics should be limited to only medically significant situations, drugs should be used more selectively, better sanitation practices should be used throughout the production process, and the enforcement of bans and limitations must be followed through.
With the rapid growth of our global population pouring into the next millennium, we will witness an ever-growing hunger rate around the world. That is unless we call for a revolution on the global scale. The Green Revolution which already sprouted in the early part of the century only need to add a bit more momentum and we will see a bright future for the human race, a future without hunger and starvation ¡V hopefully.It is becoming increasingly difficult for the planet to support its overwhelming population. And since the amount of arable land available is becoming scarce, we must seek ways to dramatically improve crop yields of existing cropland.
A theme in W.P. Kinsella’s “The Thrill of the Grass” is change, for better or for worse, affords the opportunity for us to acknowledge our emotions and love of memories and encourages us to stand up for what we truly believe in. Change, sentiment, reminiscence and defiance are portrayed through the protagonist and the plot in this admiringly, well written short story.
Each plant species has a unique pattern of resource allocation that is genetically determined but not fixed. Plants can adjust there allocation pattern when they experience different environments and the presence of other species. Phenotypic plasticity goes hand in hand with resource allocation as well. When a plant has to adjust itʻs resource allocation, sometimes it uses itʻs resources to help the plant grow different characteristic so that the plant can have a greater chance of living in the environment. For example, if a plant from an environment that does not experience wind on the regular basis enters a new environment that has a lot of wind the plant may change itʻs resource allocation and spend more of itʻs resources growing deeper
The term GM foods or GMO (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques (Whitman, 2000). These plants have been modified in the laboratory to offer desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. Also, genetic engineering techniques have been applied to create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and accurately. For example, this is done by the geneticist isolating the gene responsible for drought tolerance and inserts it into another plant. The new genetically-modified plant will now have gained drought tolerance as well.
The "Emperor's New Crops. " Easton and Goldfarb 171-181.
Humans depend on plants in numerous ways. One reason we depend on plants is for consumption. Plants have the unique ability of producing their own food through a process called photosynthesis. In this process, plants are able to produce macromolecules such as carbohydrates that cannot be produced in animals or humans. In humans, the only to gain these macromolecules is to consume plant matter, or consume plant-eating animals (herbivores).