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Principles of organizational psychology
2 motivation theories compared
2 motivation theories compared
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1.0 Introduction
Human beings are very complex creatures and becoming even more complicated now-a-days. The needs and requirements of man in modern society are constantly changing and increasing as well. When these needs are not fulfilled, people become dissatisfied. In this situation, dissatisfaction is unlikely to contribute to any constructive purposes. This is the reason why motivation has been one of the widely researched topics in organizational psychology (Spector, 1997).
Every organisation has a motivation structure designed to meet particular objectives. Generally, their objective is to motivate and improve output. Motivational structures are formal policies and procedures drafted by the organisation. They dictate the way in which a company is formally arranged and organized. Motivation can either be financial in the form of bonuses. This can also be non-financial, which are promotions, holiday trips or vouchers. These programs have distinct criteria which are reward based on employee performance; it should be competitive and in proportion to market price and finally, it should motivate employees to perform better. (Armstrong M. & Murlis, H., 2007)
Motivation is the pleasurable emotional state which comes with the outcome of the (reward) the job (Locke 1976). Employers are considered as the spine of the organisation. This gives them the responsibility of creating a pleasurable working condition to boost the motivation of the employees. It is generally believed that employees in every business sector are motivated by wages. It is not uncommon to find organisations increasing wages in recruiting and in retaining key employees in the world of business. (Beer, M. And Cannon, M.D. 2004)
A range of research...
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...e research methodology that will be used throughout the research process. This involves data gathering which will be primary and secondary. The validity and reliability of the data will also be highlighted.
Chapter Four discusses the incentive schemes that the various banks operate and how the employees of the various organisations value these schemes. This chapter analyses these findings. Primary and secondary sources of information and their analysis will be presented. This shows the justification and cases of contradiction of some theories discussed in the literature review presented in chapter two.
The final section of the research, chapter five concludes and also proposes recommendations made by the researcher. The suggestions basically deal with employees morale at work particularly for the different categories of workers discovered during research.
When employees were asked, what factors could be changed at USAA to help maintain employee motivation levels, a couple of them answered with, “higher wages” and “more money”. This response corroborates other studies regarding pay which state surveys will more likely under emphasize the importance of pay relative to other motivational factors. (Rynes, Gerhart & Minette, 2004). “Financial incentives had by far the largest effect on productivity of all interventions. For example, pay was four times more effective than interventions designed to make work more interesting.” (Rynes, 2004). One reason for this phenomenon is social desirable responding. It should be noted, that although pay may be under reported, the results indicate other factors are also important for employee
An incentive or reward system refers to a program designed by an organisation to reward high performance and motivate workers on an individual and group basis (Corby et al. 2009, p. 2). Rewards are useful to a company operating in a competitive market. Although used interchangeably, rewards and recognition where the former can be monetary or non-monetary but has a cost to the company, while the latter is meant to offer psychological reward, for instance, oral public recognition or end of the year award. While the company does not provide financial incentive, it provides non-financial in the form of cars for its Sales Division consultants. This improves the working condition of the employees, but it does not improve their financial stance. Wright (2004) notes that some employees are more concerned with status, for instance, an executive desk, attractive office or business card (p. 76). Such incentive make the jobs and company attractive.
Theories of Motivation What is the motivation for this? According to the text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things; this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves.
Research methodology, is an understanding of the different approaches used to conduct research. Within research methodology validity and reliability are important. The reason, researchers need to understand the methodology, before research is conducted is to ensure that they are using them correctly and ethically and also understand the key concept
One of the many opportunities we have in the United States today is access to an education. I believe that being educated by teachers is very important. There are many benefits for pursuing a college degree. A few valuable advantages of higher education are African-Americans (and other minorities), like me, are able to be educated, job security, and a great salary. When I was growing up, my mom always let my siblings and I know the importance of education. For example, if I did not know the meaning of a word, my mom would say, “Look it up in the dictionary.” This taught me to read and research information instead of asking my mom for the answer. Every summer my brother, sister and I always participated in the Children’s Summer Reading Program at the Kalamazoo Public Library. My mom
The Research Methodology chapter contains a definition of the selected research methodology, description of the research methods and research design, and provides an argumentation for selection of qualitative research methodology over quantitative one. In addition to that, the Chapter describes the models used for analysis of the information, gathered via indicated research methods.
Incentive reward engagement offers a win-win situation for the employees and the company. Kelleher believes that incentive is a form of recognition and builds engagement through company’s and employee’s obligations towards a common goal (2014). The company has a “Growth Incentive Scheme” for the production workers. Special monetary incentives are provided should the workers achieve the monthly output target. Through the rewards, employees feel motivated towards their work and thus, contribute towards the company’s
Motivation is an important concept which is critical for understanding of and improvement in organizational behaviour and performance. It is therefore important for the managers to understand motivation. It is an important tool which they can use to get more out of their employees and increase organizational performance. Motivation can be defined as the factors, both internal as well as external which arouse in individuals the desire and commitment for a job (Mele, 2005, p. 15). Organizational performance on the other hand refers to the degree to which the organizational objectives have been achieved.
Management spends a huge amount of time to design incentive systems and schemes to motivate their workers and to ensure they work in their best possible manner. Motivating workers by giving them decent pay helps in winning employees heart to make the work done efficiently, significantly and effectively. The most effective way to motivate people to work productively is through individual incentive compensation (Pfeffer, 1998). An attraction of getting more is a powerful incentive to people for high performance. While most people agree that money plays a major role in motivating people, in organizations there is a widespread belief that money may also have some undesirable effects on morale.
Motivation is the process of getting someone to act on a particular situation. According to (Adelhardt, S, K. 2015, December 2) lack of motivation in the workplace is the most problematic subject for all managers, because it leads to decreasing productivity, performance and yet it increases the chances of employee resignation. Many employers suppose that managers these days are struggling to motivate their employees due to lack of significantly vital experience as well as knowledge in the employee engagement developing process. One of the successful strategies that managers can use to increase employee inspiration is by offering an attractive remuneration and benefits to their employees. Remuneration and benefits such as an extrinsic bonus
Motivation is the force that transforms and uplifts people to be productive and perform in their jobs. Maximizing employee’s motivation is a necessary and vital to successfully accomplish the organization’s targets and objectives. However, this is a considerable challenge to any organizations managers, due to the complexity of motivation and the fact that, there is no ready made solution or an answer to what motivates people to work well (Mullins,2002).
An important part of the retention of staff, reducing staff turnover and minimising absenteeism at work is ensuring that staff are properly motivated. This is not as easy as it sounds. At first glance, you might be tempted to think that merely increasing wages is the way to motivate! Not so. Most thinkers on the subject would argue that motivation is a far more complex issue than merely 'money'.
Motivation, as defined in class, is the energy and commitment a person is prepared to dedicate to a task. In most of organisations, motivation is one of the most troublesome problems. Motivation is about the intensity, direction and persistence of reaching a goal. During the class, we have learned a substantial theories of motivation and many theories of motivations are used in real business. Each theory seems to have different basic values. But, they all have been analysed for one reason, recognising what motivates and increases the performance of employees. Ident...
The Importance and Appropriateness of Utilizing Different Methodologies for Research. Introduction The process of research entails the logical as well as systematic search for useful data and information with regard to a specific topic (Jha, 2008). It is also comprised of the investigation of the best, most cost effective and appropriate solutions to both social and scientific issues, following an objective and logical analysis. Jha, (2008) defines research as the search for knowledge and the discovery of the truth. During this process, the data can be gathered from a wide pool of sources among them interviews, books, nature among others.The data can then be analyzed with the appropriate data analysis tools, so as to report the findings
Every research study should describe the methods used for collecting, analysing and interpreting data. Research methodology is a systematic solving of the research problem and includes all the tools and methods used in the research process.