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I. Introduction
English language is one of the most widely spoken language in the world. It is a dominant language. As the time flows, new words are being added to the English dictionary. There are various reasons for an English language to evolve and one of the reasons that impacts the most is the effect of new technologies being developed over time. In the current generation; what demographers refer to as generation Y also known as millennials, the generation of people born between early 1980s to 2000s, are causing a gradual change to the English language. With millennials extensive use of internet, different combination of words and phrases are being formed and widely
The first is the old English period. Christianity and poetry had a great influence in this era. Many religious texts, and famous poems was written in old English. In fact, some of its vocabulary had survived and is currently being used in modern English; words such as, sleep, food, earth and house. The second is the middle English period, started when the Normans invaded England. French had become the spoken language of the upper class which influenced literature and political documents to be written in French. However, most of its population still speaks in English. This is where bilingualism started to become common. Because of the current situation in that period, changes in spelling had occurred and various words from French had become part of the English vocabulary such as, army, poet, parliament, castle, and servant. The third is the early modern English period where the great vowel shift and the English renaissance took place. Pronunciations of the English language had a major change. Large number of Latin and Greek words were borrowed and put into the language, many English diphthongs became monophthongs, and many long vowels became shorter. One of the influential writers that has contributed in this shift was Shakespeare. His combination of native and borrowed words like afeard, thou, art, arrant, and offert, was unique which led him to be recognized by people as an English language genius. The
At this past weekend’s conference of Very Important Linguists, they presented their grand unified theory of totesing.
People might use totes-words in silly contexts, but this is a serious topic because totesing represents a surprising new direction for the English language. If the words sound weird, that’s because they are weird. They contain unexpected sounds in unexpected places.
And that’s the first thing to understand about totesing, the linguists say. It’s not a game that people play with spellings or character-count limits. It’s about rearranging sounds. People disagree on whether “casual” becomes caj, cazh, or cajs, but they all agree on how to pronounce the shortened word.
“This is not just some random thing people do with written words,” Jones said. “Totesing is about sounds and it conforms to the sometimes complicated sound system of English.” In this way, studying how people make up these words is like studying a construction site — you get to see all the pylons undergirding the English
The constant changing of technology and social norms makes difficult for different generations to understand one another and fully relate to each other. Diction and slang change as years pass and what is socially acceptable may have been prohibited in the previous generations.
Another difficulty cultures deal with is language and the way people speak. In some cases, people struggle to belong by making changes in the way they speak the English language just to be assimilated. They attempt to use words and letters, as well as body language that fit in the norm; all in an attempt to denounce their original intonation and style of pronunciation. One ...
Hill, Jane H., P. J. Mistry, and Lyle Campbell. The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright. Berlin [etc.: Mouton De Gruyter, 1998. Print.
New vocabulary required for inventions such as transport,domestic appliances and industrial equipment,or sporting,entertainment,cultural and leisure reasons.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Boston: Thomson, 2007.
In Johnson’s preface to A Dictionary of the English Language, Johnson argues the importance of preserving language. Other dialects had a produced their own dictionaries, such as the French and Italians. Various writers of the eighteenth century were alarmed at the fact that there was no standard for the English language, since there was no standard it could easily become extinct. Johnson explored many points, such as how and why languages change as well as how many words are formed.
how the English language has changed in the many years from then until now. The
Curzan, Anne and Adams, Michael. How English Works: A Linguistic Introduction. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006
Since the Industrial Revolution, technology has permeated and become an integral part of our everyday lives. In fact, a life without technology seems almost impossible to imagine. Almost everyone, around the globe, has access to technology in one form or another. Consequently this type of technology has become ingrained into our culture. Its roots are so deep that it is now peculiar to see someone without a smartphone than with one. Consequently, smartphones and the Internet have radically changed the manner in which we communicate and how we communicate with one another. Our speech has metamorphosed so much from that of our grandparents that it almost seems like a foreign language due to the incorporation of slang and “text talk.” With the sudden surge of email, blogs, and instant messaging that occurred within the last couple of decades, the impact that technology has on our linguistics has become more pronounced. Technology has helped to bridge the gap between people by allowing us to communicate as easily as we breathe. On this note, one would think that the dawn of the Era of Technology would give birth to a renaissance of the English language but, instead, the converse is taking place. With such widespread prevalence of technology such as smartphones and computers, the degradation of the English language is a problem now more than ever.
Garrett (1975) represented four characteristics of slips of the tongue. The first one is that the exchange exists between linguistic units of the same positions. For example, initial linguistic segments are replaced by another initial linguistic segment. The same generalization is applied to the middle and final linguistic segments. Additionally, slips appear in similar phonetic units. This means that that the consonants are replaced by consonants and vowels are replaced by vowels. Furthermore, the slips occur in similar stress patterns, which signifies that stressed syllables are replaced by stressed syllables and unstressed syllables are replaced by unstressed syllables. Finally, slips of the tongue follow the phonological rules of a language (cited in Carroll, 2007, p. 195).
"Linguistics 201: First Language Acquisition." Linguistics 201: First Language Acquisition. Western Washington University, n.d. Web. 8 Sep. 2013. .
Finegan, Edward,."Language :its structure and use" Edward Finegan, David Blair and Peter Collins. 2nd ed. N.S.W : Harcourt, Brace & Co., c1997
College, Columbia University Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 1-3. Retrieved from http://www.tc.columbia.edu/academic/tesol/WJFiles/pdf/TaejoonParkForum.pdf
Reading of Chapter four in the textbook titled " Foreign Influences on Old English,” the followings are the terms that came across as interesting and necessary for the understanding of the extent of foreign influence on the old English language:
113-117. 151-195. The. English: A Linguistic Tool Kit, (2012), (U214, Worlds of English, DVD ROM), Milton Keynes, The Open University. English in the World, (2012), (U214, Worlds of English, DVD ROM), Milton Keynes, The Open University.