MIGRATORY SPECIES:
Migratory species are those species which undertake cyclical movements between two distinct geographical areas, one of which is usually the area in which they breed. Migratory species are of three types, terrestrial, freshwater, and marine migratory species. Terrestrial species include certain mammals, such as bats, ungulates, and birds. Freshwater species include river dolphins, sea turtles and other species of fish. Marine migrants include cetaceans, seals and a large number of fish. Highly migratory species, as the ones mentioned above, are of particular interest due to the multiple problems that arise on an international level, regarding their exploitation and conservation.
LEGAL STATUS:
All States have sovereign rights over
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Threats to the marine habitat are inclusive of “hard” damage to the marine environment, caused by destructive fishing practices, which include bottom dredging, blast fishing, and trawling among others. Issues like water pollution, development of coastal wetlands, and the decline of coral reefs due to ocean acidification are some other threats to the marine environment. Furthermore, there is a severe lack of regulation, especially aimed at the protection and conservation of highly migratory species, which is a contributing factor to the continued damage to the marine environment.
THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF MIGRATORY SPECIES:
The Convention on the Law of the Sea contains provisions dealing with highly migratory species, which largely refers to species that range freely over vast oceanic areas. Coastal states and states fishing for these species in the High Seas have, in particular, the obligation to cooperate with a view to ensuring the conservation and promoting the optimum utilization of these species throughout the region concerned, in both the EEZ and the High Seas.
THE BONN
A statistic released by the Marine Science Education Project of the Indonesian Ministry of Higher Education States that “…Reefs subject to land-based pollution (sewage, sedimentation, and or industrial pollution) show 30–50% reduced diversity at 3 m, and 40–60% reduced diversity at 10 m depth relative to unpolluted comparison reefs in each region.” This statistic is alarming because it shows just how much pollution can affect a certain environment. Not only does it affect the environment but it also affects animals, plants and people.
This fact may be relevant for the future due to the variable sea temperatures predicted for the future, and when passing between tropical and temperate region boundaries. There are further issues linked with elevated boat transport, in particular marine infrastructures, such as sea walls and jetties, built to facilitate the sea trade and tourism industry, have been found to be highly susceptible to invasive species establishment (Bulleri and Airoldi 2005; Glasby et al.,
Migration is an arduous process and can be a stress-inducing experience (Aroian & Norris, 2003) that can lead to numerous social and mental health issues varying from social isolation, depression and anxiety (Blair, 2000). Alongside migration comes the complex and lifelong endeavor of acculturation, defined as the process by which individuals or groups transition from one or more cultures into another (Cainkar, 2000). Although Arab immigrants have been migrating to the United States since 1854 (Miller, 1976) and may currently number more than two million today (Nydell, 2012), discussion of the Arab American populations was, until recently, conspicuously absent from the literature. This article will first explore the reasons for immigration as it impacts the way this population assimilates to their host country. It will then provide a description of the challenges and difficulties this population faces, with a focus on the source of the post immigration stressors they undergo and the impact it has on their acculturation process. Finally, it will explore the use of an existential approach in treatment with an Arab-American client resisting assimilation to the new host country due to an inability to cope with post-immigration stressors.
"Ocean Pollution." MarineBio Conservation Society ~ Marine Biology, Ocean Life Conservation, Sea Creatures, Biodiversity, Research... Web. 19 May 2014.
Modern-day genetic technology has granted mankind with the opportunity to bring back extinct species from the dead. If humans have come to possess the DNA from an extinct animal population, it is possible to create an identical clone of the animal in question, effectively “bringing it back from the dead”. Many ethical dilemmas surround the practice of de-extinction, and rightfully so. Recreating an extinct species could produce groundbreaking scientific breakthroughs, generating exciting opportunities for future genetics-based research. However, there could also be monumental consequences: the newly revived, once-extinct species might destroy the ecological equilibrium of modern Earth
Oceans are such so vast that people underestimate the impact their actions —seeming so insignificant— have on them. Humans have by and large taken the oceans for granted; not considering how important a healthy ocean is to our survival. A popular mind-set is that the oceans are a bottomless supply of fish, natural resources, and an infinite waste dump. There are myriad reasons why the oceans should be saved and the most obvious one is marine life. With 71% of the Earth being covered by water, it is obvious that sea creatures are predominant form of life, making up 80% of the species of life on Earth. However, as important as marine life is, that is not the only reason why saving the oceans is crucial. The ocean floor provides natural resources such as, oil, natural gas, petroleum, minerals, medications, and ingredients for foods and products. The economic benefits of the oceans are huge and significant, as well. Fishing and fish products have provided employment to 38 million people and have generated about $124 billion in economic benefits. However, oceans are on the verge of crisis, marine life, natural resources, transportation, the economy, and important ingredients are at risk due to overfishing, pollution, and acidification. Thus, in this essay I will argue that, oceans are not impervious to human activity and threatening the health of the ocean threatens the health of humanity, since oceans key to our survival.
Invasive alien species are disrupting and changing the normal ecological functions of biomes, ecosystems, and the biosphere as a whole (CBD, 2009). They are a threat to biodiversity and can cause damage to, or even eradicate native species which natural cycles and other organisms depend on. While disrupting energy flow, food chains, and shaking the structure of ecosystems to the core, invasive species create not only ecological, but also a whole host of social, economical, and health issues that affect the livelihood of almost every organism on earth, including humans (CBD, 2009).
These results agree with the hypothesis that our “untouched and super-productive world” is affecting marine life ecosystems (Vannela, 2012). All of these results combined confirm the overall hypothesis that pollution is getting worse in the ocean and more marine life ecosystems are being affected, but there
It has been noted that utilizing data and models derived from living populations may not be suitable for identifying movements of past populations. Conditions today are vastly different from earlier times. Many of the migrations studied that are undertaken on todays populations are among populations who are technically advanced compared to very early prehistoric populations. The fear is that because of the technologically advanced nature of these populations that migration patterns differ from those of prehistoric populations. Tendencies and preferences may not be the same as they once were. It may never be identified if modern migrations are similar or vastly different from prehistoric ones, but for the time being it is one of the only tools we can utilize to try and get a glimpse of what life was like in the past.
Migration and settlement are two key elements to the evolution of the humankind. They are connected, yet separate because they simultaneously work to evolve the human race while accomplishing different goals. Therefore, the values of both migration and settlement lie in different corners of evolution of humankind. Due to the fact that the value of migration lies in only the physical transfer of people, culture and ideas while the value of settlement lies in the actual assimilation of people, culture, and ideas, settlement bears a slightly larger value in the advancement of humankind.
Migration is defined as the movement of people from one place to another. The movement can be within a short distance or within a long distance. Human populations have a vast history of several migration patterns that occurred during different periods in history including the pre-modern periods. According to Koslowski (376), there are several factors that lead to the migration of people from one place to another. Some of these factors include increased human population, political instability, natural calamities such as drought and disasters, and religious conflicts. The migrating communities have several impacts in their new place of settlement. Some of the effects include the spread of culture, the spread of religion, and the introduction
The Earth is far and away the most biodiverse planet in our solar system, with about 8.7 million more unique species than the other 8 planets (UNEP). However, the Earth’s commanding lead is shrinking; not because the other planets are increasing biodiversity, but because Earth’s is decreasing. According to the World Wildlife Fund, we as a planet are losing 1,000 to 10,000 more species than the natural rate. Since the total number of species is hard to pin down, this can mean anywhere from 200 to 10,000 species going extinct per year (World Wildlife Fund). This obscenely high extinction rate is dangerous not just to ecosystems directly affected by the loss, but also creates a domino effect that circles around the globe and up and down the food
In our world today we have approximately 26,021 endangered species. Endangered species are organisms that may possible become extinct. The term 'endangered species' refers to all species that fits this description. However some conservation biologists and scientists normally use the term ‘endangered species’ to refer to species that are put on the IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature)Red List. Many factors can be looked at when considering the conservation status of a species. Factors such as human threats or environmental threats can cause a species to become endangered.
There is nothing quite like traveling, going someplace new and finding out more about the world and yourself. Anyone can become a traveler it just takes a little bit of faith and courage. Traveling across the world or even across the country is a learning experience. When you are a traveler you see how people live and how different cultures work. It is the best educational experience you could give yourself. You see how the world works in a way no one can teach you. Seeing different cultures and people help build the person you want to be. If you are a traveler the world influences you, because when traveling, you see the good and the bad, and you learn from the right and the wrong. I am very lucky that I am able to be a traveler and see this
I grew up in the Greater Toronto Area, as a result of my parents’ emigration from Montreal as young adults. For my parents, both coming from working class backgrounds, they both faced limited geographical mobility during youth, which studies have shown to be significant in determining the migration path when presented with the opportunity (Molgat, 2010). More concretely, political reasons as well as the search of better opportunities played a role in many young adults leaving Montreal in the 1970s and 1980s. The “Quiet Revolution” that took place in the post-war era in Quebec meant many socio-cultural changes and a reframing of the French Quebecois identity (McRoberts, 1988). Just as throughout history, migratory patterns have often been shaped by exclusion – my English-speaking parents choice to leave Montreal, along with much of their cohort, marks a logical generational trend. This has had significant implications on their language and identity as part of the Quebecois diaspora (Stevenson, 2000).