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What is the need of Erik Erikson's theory
What is the need of Erik Erikson's theory
What is the need of Erik Erikson's theory
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Middle adulthood is an accomplished time in life. A person in middle adulthood has a career, a family, and the ability to care for and guide the next generation. Even better, the individual is neither “young” nor “old” in terms of age. In this stage of development adults can expect to be occupied with creative and meaningful work. Likewise, they get to “be in charge”, a role they have envied since young adulthood. Although this is a quite stable time in life compared to adolescence, individuals between the ages of 45-65 face many issues.
As Erik Erikson described in his eight-stage theory of human development, adults in this developmental stage are caught in a dilemma between generativity and stagnation. Adults in generativity focus on nurturing, creating things that will outlast themselves, and becoming involved with future generations. This affects quality of life now and in the future because generativity makes adults feel useful and it makes them want to contribute more to society.
Alternatively, stagnation is a negative period in life that involves a lack of resolving issues that ultimately lead to self-absorption and zero growth as a mature adult in the future. Some life issues that encourage stagnation are finances, health changes, rocky marriages, family feuds, lack of personal time, unexpected tragedies, children growing old, and chronic stress. These events affect quality of life because they may lead to despair later in life, which is a feeling of unobtainable fulfillment and incompleteness that ultimately leads to unacceptance of life itself and fear of death.
Lastly, one of the challenges of middle adulthood that perpetuates the negative view on middle adulthood is the notion of self-decline and inadaptability with...
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...of time needed to receive a follow-up appointment because I, as your personal life coach, would be interested in how things are developing along the way so I can help you in any way possible. This fifth and final phase also allows the clients to look back and evaluate how much their quality of life has changed for the better.
In all, I think you will find my services for life coaching and comprehensive retirement planning useful and beyond beneficial. You will learn to successfully manage your current life issues in a way that will help construct a solid pathway for your future. Your quality of life with skyrocket and with my help, you will teach yourself to live without boundaries, laugh without control, and never stop smiling. I guarantee that my teachings of an alternative lifestyle approach will make pre-retirement planning and actual retirement a breeze!
Aging and old age for a long time presented as dominated by negative traits and states such as sickness, depression and isolation. The aging process is not simply senescence most people over the age of 65 are not Senile, bedridden, isolated, or suicidal (Aldwin & Levenson, 1994). This change in perspective led the investigation of the other side of the coin. Ageing is seen as health, maturity and personal Royal growth, self-acceptance, happiness, generatively, coping and acceptance of age-related constraints (Birren & Fisher, 1995). Psychological und...
In today’s culture, the number of issues that the average person has to face on a daily basis, are astronomical. Millennials, in particular, have been greatly affected by this, so much so that a new phase in the human lifespan has been created just for them! Dubbed “emerging adulthood” by psychologist Jeffrey Arnett, plopped smack dab in the middle of adolescence, and adulthood, this phase captures any, and all doubts that 20-29 year olds are plagued with. From their economic standing, to racial, ethnic, and identity issues, and to disabilities ranging from both mental, and physical, this phase captures every single uncertainty, fear, and qualm that one person can possibly have in a neat little package.
“Recognize the role culture plays in constructing beliefs about appropriate midlife roles and assist clients in exploring their
Erikson believed that people develop in psychosocial stages. He emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. In Erikson's theory, eight stages of development result as we go through the life span. Each stage consists of a crisis that must be faced. According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point. The more an individual resolves the crises successfully, the healthier development will be.
Hiller, S. M., & Barrow, G. M. (2011). Aging, the individual, and society. (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Emerging Adulthood represents the period of development from late teens through their twenties, mainly focusing on the ages 18-25. This is the period which people start exploring and realizing the capabilities of their lives, which then helps them characterize as adults and no longer teenagers. This topic of psychology is compelling to me because it’s a stage that every adult has lived through, it’s interesting that we have all experienced it differently based on our life circumstances and demographics. It’s interesting to see the changes throughout the years and eventually it will be easier for young people to explore these years as more young adults are going to school nowadays. It teaches me to further understand why emerging adults go through
Extensive demographic and cultural shifts have taken place over the past few decades that have made late adolescence and early twenties into a new transitional developmental period known as emerging adulthood for young individuals across industrialized societies. Arnett (2000) argues that emerging adulthood is a “distinct period of the life course” that is “characterized by change and exploration of possible life directions” (469). Additionally, a critical area of identity exploration during emerging adulthood is love and romantic relationships. Arnett contends that “demographic changes in the timing of marriage and parenthood in recent decades has led to prolonged periods of adolescence and delayed adulthood transitions” (470). By postponing
Eric Erikson was one of the most famous theorists of the twentieth century; he created many theories. One of the most talked about theories is his theory of psychosocial development. This is a theory that describes stages in which an individual should pass as they are going through life. His theory includes nine stages all together. The original theory only included eight stages but Erikson‘s wife found a ninth stage and published it after his death. The nine stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair (Crandell and Crandell, p.35-36)).
Jeffrey Arnott’s theory of “emerging adulthood” provides a context in which I can evaluate my life in terms of my remerging development into adulthood. I am in my early twenties. Physically, I am a fully developed female that understands my own biological functions with great awareness. Cognitively, I am in the process of developing critical thinking skills by attending college, which has allowed me to develop my own ways of processing thoughts and ideas outside of my family and high school. This cognitive development is a very difficult process, which continually engages me to open my mind and learn new ways of thinking about life, society, and mental development. Socially, I am also developing a broader sense of cultural, racial, and think
Erik Erikson (1950, 1982) proposed a developmental model where one grows old and looks back at their life with satisfaction or despair. Erikson’s theory focused on growing older as a conclusion to the developmental process whereas Lars Tornstam (1988, 1990) found, contrary to expectations, people actually are less lonely as they grow older. In contrast to Erikson’s integrity vs. despair, Tornstam (1989) believed the individual moves forward developing a new outlook regardless of what has happened and becomes more at peace with themselves. Based on these findings, Tornstam formulated a theory of “gerotranscendence”. Gerotranscendence describes the final stage of moving towards maturation and wisdom and is believed to be a movement towards
Middle adulthood is a complex time period that requires a multidimensional outlook to understand all of the processes and changes that are taking place. The many changes during middle adulthood include physical, cognitive and social differences. Many of these changes create significant stress and it is important to understand ways of coping with the anxiety. Many of these coping mechanisms include mindfulness and cultivating a sense of self-efficacy and mastery (pg. 482). There are many changes during middle adulthood that may require stress management techniques and interventions.
Middle adulthood is the generatively vs. stagnation stages in which an adult must care of others and realize that they need a family or a legacy. During this stage, people will nurture their own family or find ways to nurture others that need to be nurtured outside their immediate family. If an adult does not overcome the crisis during this stage, then they will not grow which will result in them being selfish and
Late adulthood is known as the period of life after middle adulthood, usually from around 65 years old to death (Santrock, 2013, p. 485). There are many varying stages of development and health in late adulthood, along with steady changing of life expectancy. Aging is a part of life, and with it comes changes in every area of living. Many diseases find late adulthood as an opportune time to affect people. Eventually, whether caused by disease or another reason, every individual dies. Death is unique to every person, and healthcare in America is changing to reflect that. This stage of life is a time when bodily processes and functions may be decreasing, but depending on lifestyle choices, death can come at different times.
Aging and being old was dominated by negative characteristics and conditions such as illness, depression, and isolation for a long time (Eibach, Mock, & Courtney, 2010). At first glance the terms “success” and “aging” seem to be in conflict to each other. When asking people about aging, their answers have many facets that are also found in psychological definitions: successful aging is seen as health, maturity and personal growth, self-acceptance, happiness, generativity, coping, and acceptance of age-related limitations. In the psychological sense successful aging is also often seen as the absence of age-associated characteristics (Strawbridge, Wallhagen, & Cohen, 2002). It seems that successful aging means is not aging.
With perseverance of stage six, I have now entered the seventh stage of life. The seventh stage focuses on generativity vs. stagnation. McAdams (2009) states, “To be generative is to generate a legacy of the self for the good of future generations,” (p. 382). There are four types of genera...