Gerotranscendence Theory Essay

Erik Erikson (1950, 1982) proposed a developmental model where one grows old and looks back at their life with satisfaction or despair. Erikson’s theory focused on growing older as a conclusion to the developmental process whereas Lars Tornstam (1988, 1990) found, contrary to expectations, people actually are less lonely as they grow older. In contrast to Erikson’s integrity vs. despair, Tornstam (1989) believed the individual moves forward developing a new outlook regardless of what has happened and becomes more at peace with themselves. Based on these findings, Tornstam formulated a theory of “gerotranscendence”. Gerotranscendence describes the final stage of moving towards maturation and wisdom and is believed to be a movement towards

Participants were interviewed using the gerotranscendence theory as a guide. The study introduced specific guidelines for communication based on gerotranscendence theory. The implication for this study is by helping staff to become more aware of gerotranscendence theory, staff were able to communicate on a more personal level and able to help functional residents become more engaged in their own care.

A later study by Wadensten (2010) focused on investigating how residents were affected by staff who were trained to use gerotranscendent communication. This study focused on training staff in both theory and communication. Participant interviews were utilized elements of gerotranscendence theory. The initial sample included 10 residents but due to changes in their condition and death, the final study had only six participants. This exploratory study found that by focusing on a communication pattern which was positive and uplifting to the residents, their disposition and overall perspective began to change and become less focused on the medical issues but more on the spiritual issues. This suggests that communication with residents using the guidelines derived from gerotranscendence theory can help to promote positive aging and improve the quality of