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Advantages and disadvantages of management theories
Comparison of different management theories
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A chasm between management theory and practice leaves behind the harrowing question of how to improve employee work performance. Research has proven that some methods are more fitting than others on a situational basis. The key is to adopt practices that work the best for an organization’s goals and capabilities and consciously work towards progression. However, having a strategy to improve performance goals and objectives, are often only as effective as the people who have the responsibility for seeing them through. A strategy that is ineffective or poorly used can often cause more damage than good by reducing morale, creating confusion and decreasing performance. There are numerous ways to tackle more suitable practices that can add …show more content…
This theory can be both progressive and damaging depending on the circumstances. Employees ultimately need feedback and a manager who is willing to hear them out and help when they are seeking guidance. There appears to be problems with both the hands off approach, and the contrast of micro managing that shows the need to balance both methods. It’s beneficial for supervisors to understand the two approaches to know when to step in and when to step back. Micromanaging is typically used in a negative context as it can be extremely frustrating and stressful for employees to deal with a manager who is controlling their every action. According to Entrepreneur magazine micromanaging can be avoided when expectations are clearly and frequently articulated, and employees are held accountable to each other which again points out the important of communication (Erb, 2008). At Bridge Worldwide a company now renamed as Possible Worldwide, agency employees are surveyed anonymously to provide feedback to other teams quarterly. This is an attempt to create a more productive company culture, and so far it has worked for this results driven company (Erb, 2008). Once a Cincinnati-based marketing firm they have extended into a global market. They have provided digital solution marketing to several top brands such as Microsoft, Procter and Gamble, and Coca-Cola (Atchison, 2015). With that being said, improving performance is not always a one size fits all method that can be taken in theory and applied to other places; it might not work well with everyone. There are disadvantages with performance evaluations and self-evaluations and this is especially true if they are not applied properly or taken seriously. They can often turn into a one sided conversation even if the intention is to have an open dialogue between a manager and employee, as sometimes one person is
1. Why do you think the autocratic approach worked effectively for four years in this situation?
As an infamous religious leader, Warren Jeffs had the ability to gain people’s trust and loyalty. He influenced many by exerting his power and authority in brainwashing individuals with religion. His home base is located in the Utah–Arizona area, where he is known to have about 40 wives and 56 children in his compound. Jeffs goes beyond what any human being has by taking advantage of religion to obtain supporters through his ideals and practices of Mormonism into the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (FLDS) where he considers himself a prophet. Even after being imprisoned, he had influence to control his church even from behind bars. His sect is secluded from society protected by walls and cameras to prevent government interference, in the hopes that others would not be able to detect what occurs within the walls of the cult. He gained recognition in 2006 by being included in the top Ten Most Wanted List for arranged marriages. By 2011, he was convicted after a FBI raid on his compound in Texas due to assault on underage girls from ages 12 and 15 years old. Through his beliefs on polygamy, Jeffs has created stringent rules, religion, and manipulation.
Many organizations have developed written statements known as Mission and vision statements, which support employee performance and motivation strengthening the organizations culture and helping reach goals. Some organizations promote high performance restructuring by dedicating the introduction of a team approach to work structuring, and high skill variety and feedback on performance, which results in job characteristics and improved satisfaction. Organizations nowadays are forced to pay extra attention to their employees’ needs and customers’ needs by means of employee recognition, goal alignment and work force engagement. For teams to be engaged and effective, members must feel appreciated, and believe in their leaders (Dixion & Hart, 2010). Organizational culture obtained with Path-goal theory is equivalently important because appropriate culture is required to sustain or facilitate established high performance efforts. With high employee performance and goal alignment organizations use management by objective (MBO) an integrative approach for management that supports the attainment of customer satisfaction through wide variety of tools and procedures that the end result will be higher quality of goods and services achieving business excellence (Evans J
In addition to feedback, goals have been found to be more effective when they are tied to employee evaluations. The results of employee evaluations typically carry great weight when it comes to raises, bonuses, and potential advancement. Tying these types of rewards to successful goal completion also improves performance and increases goal commitment among employees (House, 1971). Incorporating deadlines to specific goals is also attributed to elevated performance levels. The motivation levels of the employee increase to meet goals within set deadlines and receive positive feedback (Lunenburg, 2011). As organizations focus on employee satisfaction and motivation, goal setting will remain an important aspect of management practices. In today’s economy, organizations are competing for top talent and ensuring employee satisfaction among job tasks is an important piece of talent retention.
In my opinion, HR practices can make positive contributions to organisational performances, because except the unpredictable external environments, human resource management can improve the most factors that affect employees’ performances which finally influence organisational performances in long-term perspectives. This essay is aim to prove human resource practices can positively effect organisational performances based on literature discussion and empirical evidences. The next section briefly brings few negative views about the limitation of HRM related to improving organisational performances. The third section discuss the positive relationship between HR practices and organisational performances are established by applying HRM processes of hiring, selecting, placing employees as well as creating employment relationships within organisations. The final section is going to analyse an example company Mark & Spensers successfully utilised HR practices to improve their organisational performances and created competitive advantages.
The twentieth century has brought in a number of management theories which have helped shaped our view of management in the present business environment. These emerging theories have enabled managers to appreciate new patterns of thinking, new ways of organising and new ways of managing organisations and people. Over the years these different theories have enabled the study of trends that have taken place in the management field. The major management viewpoints- which include the classical, behavioural and contingency approaches- have assisted in the formation of the contemporary twenty-first century management theory and techniques (S. C. Certo & S. T. Certo, 2006). Although, there are significant differences among all these approaches they seem to be unified by the efforts of improving an organisation’s efficiency in terms of proper human resources management. Furthermore, the dissimilarities seen in these approaches are due to the always changing organisations and environments which demand new management practices and techniques be applied to maintain the efficiency of an organisation.
Being a micromanager is instituting a belief that all decisions must be made through them as they have a lack of faith in their employees completing the job. When you micromanage, you rarely develop people but instead exploit them, preferring to control results rather than inspire creativity. Jim’s management technique is seen as a practice where he “bosses” his employees and lacks confidence in their work. As a result of micromanagement, the employee is left with a negative feeling and a stifled work environment.
Various conflicts in the RM system can affect the benefits that can be obtained. It has been argued that performance management systems only provide superficial motivations and have little effect on underlying behaviours and attitudes. Although the RM system can have some limitations, there is strong argument for the benefits, and logic also deems it as a credible strategy to assist in improving employee performance.
Employees perform productive behaviors by engaging in behavior that contributes positively to organizational goals and objectives (Britt & Jex, 2008, para 2). Organizations intend for employees to adapt to behaviors that will positively increase the functioning of the agency. This is done through proper training and efficient skills to complete significant roles. Positive long-term effects result from productive employee behaviors. Employees who contribute to the organization help ease financial burdens and strengthen job performances. The goal for most organizations is to have numerous employees perform duties that require little or no excess supervision. New employees train to self-sustain in an organization through strong leadership and staff recognition. The act of being productive relates with performance and a person’s effectiveness on-the-job. Workers achieving a great deal in a short amount of time are known as efficient workers. ...
Performance management aims to manage and improve individual performance with a vision to improving performance across the entire business. [Walter. M, 1995] defines performance management as the process of ‘Directing and supporting employees to work as effectively and efficiently as possible in line with the needs of the organisation’. It is very important to direct and support employees to work efficiently, and this can only be successful if a well-structured performance management system is put in place. But, nonetheless some organisations don’t get it
Performance Management is a critical component to organizational success. However, creating, developing, and maintaining a system that captures all the characteristics of an ideal performance management system should involve an ongoing collaboration between leadership and employees to achieve a successful outcome. After all, the performance and success of the organization is dependent upon the employees. Therefore, performance management should incorporate organizational goals, employee goals, and continuous feedback that reflect individual’s contribution (NorthCoast 99, 2012).
If the organization succeeds then the employees also succeeds. Employees must see the bigger picture and must feel that they are part of the organization and not just a one man show.
Performance management is a great tool for both the employee as well as the organization. For the employee, it gives the employee a clear picture of his areas of improvement and helps him improve and grow. From the organization’s perspective, it lets them understand the potential they have in their employees and how to realize them. It helps them to analyze who are worthy of being held onto and whom to let go so that the organization grows. In all, an effective tool, if used in the correct manner by all the parties involved.
Employee performance defines the individual performance and behavior. It is essential to understand that performance is not merely a tasks and work need to be done to receive bonus or pay increase. Main objective is to enhance the skills set of an individual while helping the business performance (Baker, 1999).
people who are different from each other to diverse the company culture to find different viewpoints and ideas to gain Competitive advantage (Simmons, 1996). Organizations that are lacking diversification and which are also being exposed to the general approach of minimizing the discrimination and injustice will unfavorably affect both customer and employee while diminishing the relationships with both parties (Kundu, 2001). Peters et al. (1982) conveyed that OC should create a diverse body of employees, customers and stakeholders that are being valued and integrated in to all dimensions of the work where that particular company may learn from the people they serve, by listening internally and externally to them.