Investigation into the Reaction Between Marble Chips and Hydrochloric Acid
Planning
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Introduction
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In the reaction between marble and hydrochloric acid, calcium
carbonate particles from the marble react with the hydrogen chloride
particles in the hydrochloric acid producing calcium chloride, water
and carbon dioxide. The formula for this reaction is:
CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) ® CaCl2 (s) +H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Choosing the variable
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To investigate this reaction, first a variable must be chosen for the
investigation. In order for the calcium carbonate and hydrochloric
acid particles to react together they must collide with each other and
the collision must have enough energy. So, to select a variable for
the investigation, a variable must be chosen that either affects the
number of collisions between the calcium carbonate and hydrochloric
acid particles or affects the energy of the collision. Some variables
that could affect the rate of the reaction are:
· The concentration of hydrochloric acid used in the reaction.
The higher the concentration of acid, the more particles of acid there
are in the solution. Therefore it is more likely for a successful
collision between an acid particle and a calcium carbonate particle to
occur.
· The temperature of the environment that the experiment takes place
in.
When reacting substances are heated, the particles have more energy.
This means that they move faster which in turn means that they collide
more often and with more energy.
· The surface area of calcium carbonate used in the experiment.
Hydrochloric acid particles can collide only with calcium carbonate
particles on the surface of the marble chip. Therefore, if the marble
chip is crushed into a powder, there will be a larger surface area and
therefore more collisions.
I have chosen the concentration of hydrochloric acid as the variable
that I will use for the investigation. The other factors will have to
be kept constant in order for the experiment to be a fair test.
The goal of this experiment is to develop a theory, which allows us to understand the motion of a marble.
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
The amount of hydrochloric acid. 3. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid. 4. The surface area of the calcium carbonate.
The number and strength of collisions is increased so that the reaction can happen faster than it should. If the particles have more energy then more particles will be able to react to it. Solid reactants like marble chips are affected by surface area. The larger the surface area, the more collisions that will take place.
to the marble chips. I will have 30 ml of mixture and split it in to
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction with Magnesium Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction with magnesium Prediction: As the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, so will the rate of reaction Hypothesis: In a reaction, particles of two different reactants react together to form a product. The reaction only takes place on account of two things, if the particles collide, and if the collision has enough 'activation energy'. The two reactant particles, in this case magnesium particles and hydrochloric acid particles, must collide with each other on the correct 'collision course'. If this does not occur then no chemical reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy, this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have the faster they move and so the more energy therefore more chance of successful collisions.
The reason I believe this is that chemical reactions occur when particles of the reacting substances collide. Increasing the number of the particles increases the number of collisions per second and this increases the reaction rate. In the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate you can increase the number of particles in two ways. The first of these is to increase the surface area of the calcium carbonate.
Calcium chloride is produced by reacting acid with limestone or as a by-product of the Solvay chemical process.
Looking at the table of results above and the graph, it is shown that the higher the temperature got, the shorter the reaction time. The obtained results have been plotted on a line graph of the temperature of hydrochloric acid (y-axis) against reaction time (x-axis). This line graph in fig.2 also clearly shows that as the temperature increases, so does the speed of the reaction, shown by a reduction in the time taken. This corroborates the collision theory, where as the temperature of particles increase, the particles gain more kinetic energy and react with each other upon collision. This is shown as to happen in the hydrochloric acid, where the hydrochloric acid particles collide more with the particles of the magnesium ribbon as the temperature was increased. The above graph shows a gradual sloping curve, which gets steeper at higher temperatures. This shows that the reaction will reach a peak rate of activity as the gaps between the temperature and reaction times continue to decrease. The experiment fulfills the aim and clearly shows that as the temperature of a reaction is increased so does it’s rate of reaction, proving the hypothesis to be correct.
Investigating How the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate
The Romans used Calacatta and Carrara marble for both construction and sculptures. The marble would cut into slabs rather than using blocks and used over a brick and mortar in their home. The Romans considered these both type of marble to be the supreme because of their pure white color.
The product of CaCO3 is formed, “…from the reaction of carbon dioxide with burnt (I) or slaked lime (II)” (Kroker, Rohleder, Tegethoff). Historians and scientists have concluded that the natural element, calcium, was molded into different compounds due to the underwater pressure that collided with the volcanic rocks. In contrast, with high concentrations of carbon dioxide and low pressure, these calcium compounds can also be dissolved. The change in water pressure was due to drastic globate climate changes, and deformations of the seabed. This phenomenon can be hypothesized as the time when the Earth’s plates began shifting and colliding. As time progresses, vast limestone deposits on lakes and oceans (Kroker, Rohleder, Tegethoff). Calcium is not only known the main component for our teeth and bones, but aquatic life also depends on it (i.e. mussels and mollusks). Marble and chalk are also forms of calcium that undergo particular
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid
Also the investigation will be performed in a sensible manner and there is no dangerous behaviour. Prediction When the experiment is taking place I believe that the magnesium in the hydrochloric acid will begin to bubble and then disappear, I also