Physical Science Lab - the motion of a marble

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Recommended: Given the difference and similarity between potential and kinetic energy

Physical Science Lab - the motion of a marble

Objective

The goal of this experiment is to develop a theory, which allows us to understand the motion of a marble.

Materials

Wooden roller coaster, marble, ruler, timer, clamp, physics stand.

Theory

In this experiment, we are finding the Conservation of Energy. Energy is neither created nor destroyed. Energy is summed up into two different properties: Potential energy and Kinetic energy. The law of Energy states that:

Total Energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy
Or
Em = Ep + Ek

Also, the equations for Potential energy and Kinetic energy are stated to get the Total Energy. They are respectively:

Ep = mgh and Ek = ½ (m)v2

The Conservation of Energy states that energy is always constant. If potential energy increases then kinetic energy decreases and vice versa.
In this experiment we positioned a marble ball on a wooden roller coaster positioned on a physics stand in the sixth hole. Throughout the experiment, we used an electronic timer to record the time of the marble where it passed through the light beam of its clamp. We positioned the clamp at a certain point on the roller coaster and measured the distance from the marble to the clamp; the height of the clamp; and finally the time the ball traveled through the clamp. After we recorded these different figures we calculated the speed of the marble from the given distance traveled and the time. We repeated the step 14 times, then proceeded to graph the speed and the height. Next, we took the measurements of position of the clamp, height, and speed and calculated the potential energy, the kinetic energy, and the total energy. Total energy calculated as mentioned before. Potential energy is taking the mass (m) which is 28.1g times gravity (g) which is 9.8 m/s2 times the height. Kinetic energy is one-half times the mass (m) times velocity (v2). Finally we graphed the calculated kinetic, potential, and total energies of this experiment.
For this theoretical result, the motion or speed of the marble will have different calculations. Also, the potential energy and kinetic energy of the marble will produce a mirror effect between each other respectively. From the result of the experiment, as the height of the marble increases the speed of the marble decreases at a slow rate.

Data

See attached documents.

Calculation

1) Speed of the Marble: Speed = distance traveled by marble / time from clamp A

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