Experiment is to investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate
Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate Þ Calcium Chloride + Water +
Carbon Dioxide
2HCl (aq) CaCo3 (s) CaCl2(s) H2O (aq) CO2 (g)
There are a number of variables in this experiment and these are listed below as input variables and outcome variables. The input variables are the ones that I can change in order to affect the experiment and the outcome variables are the ones I will measure to see how the input variable has affected it.
Input Variables
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Amount of calcium carbonate
Amount of hydrochloric acid
Surface area of calcium carbonate
Concentration of hydrochloric acid
Temperature of hydrochloric acid
Introduction of a catalyst
Outcome variables
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Amount of calcium chloride released
Amount of water released
Amount of carbon dioxide released
Change in weight
Out of these variables I will use concentration as my input variable and amount of carbon dioxide released as my outcome variable. You can see how I will use and measure these variables in the method section of this investigation.
My preliminary results can be found in appendix 1. These show what measurements of the input variables I decided to use and why I decided this. Prediction
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I predict that as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid decreases the rate of reaction will decrease and therefore the time taken for
75ml of gas to be released will increase. The reason I believe this is that chemical reactions occur when particles of the reacting substances collide. Increasing the number of the particles increases the number of collisions per second and this increases the reaction rate. In the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate you can increase the number of particles in two ways. The first of these is to increase the surface area of the calcium carbonate. Although this does not directly increase the number of particles, it does increase the number of particles that are available for the H+ ions to react with. This is shown in diagram 1 of appendix 2.
The second way to increase the concentration in my experiment is to increase the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. By doing this you increase the number of H+ ions available to react with the calcium carbonate and therefore the number of collisions per second between the two increase. If the number of collisions per second increases then the reaction rate will increase. This is demonstrated in diagram
2 of appendix 2.
In order to gain perfect results I would have to use the following weights of each component of the formula and introduce nothing else into the equation. All of the weights are in grams
CaCO3 + 2HCl Þ CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Plan: In my experiment I will measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place so by measuring the rate I will measure the amount of time the reaction takes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is found in digestive juices in the stomach, it is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone the main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things such as buildings. When you put calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid together they react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
It is significant to say Henry Ford had ability as an engineer to take projects apart and come with a solution. The implementation of the moving assembly line alone was not enough to compete against a constant changing environment. It was Henry Ford vision of minimizing cost and careful planning that allowed him to compete against his own self-mechanism of only use common proven designs and listen to other ideas when necessary.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction with Magnesium Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction with magnesium Prediction: As the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, so will the rate of reaction Hypothesis: In a reaction, particles of two different reactants react together to form a product. The reaction only takes place on account of two things, if the particles collide, and if the collision has enough 'activation energy'. The two reactant particles, in this case magnesium particles and hydrochloric acid particles, must collide with each other on the correct 'collision course'. If this does not occur then no chemical reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy, this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have the faster they move and so the more energy therefore more chance of successful collisions.
Going into details of the article, I realized that the necessary information needed to evaluate the experimental procedures were not included. However, when conducting an experiment, the independent and dependent variable are to be studied before giving a final conclusion.
Genghis Khan is the first ruler and the one who started the whole thing the military and everything else was him also it is said that 8% of men are distantly related to him and this is because he was said to rape some of the women is the cities they took over. People would think he lead this big
Henry Ford was the pioneer of the American automobile industry. He was born in 1863 near Dearborn, Michigan. Forty years later he started Ford Motor Company with the help of Thomas Edison. In 1908, Henry Ford forever changed the world with his Model T. Ford was known as a revolutionary person for not only making the automobile inexpensive but also for teaching workers proper skills and paying them steady wages. (Henry Ford Bio, 1) Only a mere six years later, Ford changed the world again with his invention of the moving assembly line in 1914. With the modern assembly line he was now able to mass produce his Model T. Nearly everything mass produced in the world is assembled on an assembly line thanks to Ford’s 100 year old idea. Not only did Ford make life easier for civilians by giving them affordable access to
In the West, Genghis Khan and the Mongol tribe are often presented as brutal savages who wiped out entire cultures, destroyed cities and killed many people. While these accounts are true, there was certainly more to the Mongol empire than sheer brutality. Many of the practices that Genghis Khan put into place were responsible for the successes of the Mongol Nation. With an ability to adapt and innovate, Genghis Khan became known as the world’s greatest conqueror and is still revered in many countries today.
Many negative emotions fueled Genghis Khan’s life, yet he was still able to be kind to the ones he cared for. However, that doesn’t change the fact that Genghis was a man who was greatly feared and still remembered today. He became so powerful through the events that happened early in his life, but he was always a great warrior. During his time, Genghis left many marks of his existence in China and the world. He truly was a great conqueror that once ruled almost all of Asia.
There are five factors which affect the rate of a reaction, according to the collision theory of reacting particles: temperature, concentration (of solution), pressure (in gases), surface area (of solid reactants), and catalysts. I have chosen to investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. This is because it is the most practical way to investigate. Dealing with temperatures is a difficult task, especially when we have to keep constant high temperatures. Secondly, the rate equation and the constant k changes when the temperature of the reaction changes.
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
Like previously stated Genghis Khan was one of the world's greatest rulers to live. Through his struggle for power, which began at a young age, his political and military achievements, and his many conquests that conclusively led to the largest empire ever known to man, Genghis Khan is surely regarded as one of the greats. Such a superb empire could never have been formed without visionary leadership, great organizational skills, the most resilient cavalry ever known to man, an army of outstanding archers and last, but certainly not least an overflowing amount of devastation and havoc. The legacy of Genghis Khan, his sons, and grandsons is one of cultural development, artistic achievement, and of course an entire continent being united under "Mongolian Peace."
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Introduction Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence the rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects reaction rate because when the surface area of a reactant is increased, more particles are exposed to the other reactant.
Rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. In essays written by young scientists, they have used concentration as variable in their experiments; some have used a light sensor. connected to a data logger, to measure the amount of light passing. through the "cloudy" liquid. 1 moles = 6.02 1023 The particles in the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate need to
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid