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Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
Effect of temperature on the rate of reaction
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The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction with Magnesium
Aim:
To investigate the effect of concentration of hydrochloric acid on the
rate of reaction with magnesium
Prediction:
As the concentration of the hydrochloric acid increases, so will the
rate of reaction
Hypothesis:
In a reaction, particles of two different reactants react together to
form a product. The reaction only takes place on account of two
things, if the particles collide, and if the collision has enough
'activation energy'.
The two reactant particles, in this case magnesium particles and
hydrochloric acid particles, must collide with each other on the
correct 'collision course'. If this does not occur then no chemical
reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy,
this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have
the faster they move and so the more energy therefore more chance of
successful collisions. If there is not enough energy no reaction takes
place.
In a solution of 0.5M hydrochloric acid, there are less hydrochloric
acid particles compared to that of 2M hydrochloric acid, therefore,
there are less particles to react with magnesium particles thus
meaning less chance of collisions between the two reactants:
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Therefore, as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increased,
the chances of collisions increase thus giving a faster rate of
reaction.
Apparatus:
Beaker
Hydrochloric acid
Distilled water
Measuring cylinder
Pipette
Test tubes
Test tube rack
Diagram:
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Method:
Measure out 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid, as the concentration requires,
for each concentration its composition is:
Moles
Volume HCl
Volume Water
2M
10 cm³
0 cm³
1.5M
7.5 cm³
2.5 cm³
1M
5 cm³
5 cm³
0.5M
2.5 cm³
7.5 cm³
0M
0 cm³
Investigating How the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Speed of the Reaction with Marble Chips
We began this investigation by suiting up in lab aprons and goggles, we then gathered our materials, found a lab station and got to work. We decided to start with the magnesium in hydrochloric acid first, we measured out 198.5 L of HCl and put it in the foam-cup calorimeter and took initial temperature reading. We then selected a piece of magnesium ribbon and found its mass: 0.01g. This piece was placed in the calorimeter and the lid was shut immediately to prevent heat from escaping. We “swirled” the liquid mixture in the calorimeter to ensure a reaction, and waited for a temperature change. After a few moments, the final temperature was recorded and DT determined.
Apparatus: * 1 measuring cylinder * 1 test tube * 1 stop clock * A large gelatine cube containing indicator and NaOH * Hydrochloric acid ranging from 1-3 molars * A scalpel Diagram: Method: * Take the large gelatine cube and cut into 15 equal pieces * Place on piece of the cube into the test tube * Measure out 10mls of HCl in the measuring cylinder * Pour the HCl into the test tube with the gelatine cube and start the clock * Time how long it takes for the pink colour inside the gelatine cube to completely disappear * You will also notice that the cube dissolves slightly * Record your results and repeat this same process 3 times for each molar of acid: § 1 molar § 1.5 molar § 2 molar
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
The amount of hydrochloric acid. 3. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid. 4. The surface area of the calcium carbonate.
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
The first step that we took to accomplish our goal was to put on our safety goggles and choose a lab station to work at. We received one 400ml beaker, one polyethylene pipet, two test tubes with hole rubber stoppers, two small pieces of magnesium (Mg), one thermometer and a vial of hydrochloric acid (HCl). We took the 400ml beaker and filled it about 2/3 full of water (H20) that was 18 OC. Then we measured our pieces of Mg at 1.5 cm and determined that their mass was 1.36*10-2 g. We filled the pipet 2/3 full of HCl and poured it into one of the test tubes. Then, we covered the HCl with just enough H2O so that no H2O would be displaced when the stopper was inserted. After inserting the stopper, we placed the Mg strip into the hole, inverted the test tube and placed it in the 400ml beaker. HCl is heavier than H2O, so it floated from the tube, into the bottom of the beaker, reacting with the Mg along the way to produce hydrogen gas (H2). We then measured the volume of the H2, cleaned up our equipment and performed the experiment a second time.
The reason I believe this is that chemical reactions occur when particles of the reacting substances collide. Increasing the number of the particles increases the number of collisions per second and this increases the reaction rate. In the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate you can increase the number of particles in two ways. The first of these is to increase the surface area of the calcium carbonate.
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
s) (aq) (aq) (g) Magnesium will react with hydrochloric acid, because it is higher in. the reactivity series of hydrogen. When the two chemicals react a displacement reaction will take place and the magnesium will displace. the hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid forming magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Reactivity Series K (potassium)
Investigating the Effect of Varying Concentration on the Reaction between Magnesium Ribbon and Hydrochloric Acid
If they collide with sufficient energy, then they will react. The minimum amount of kinetic energy required for particles at the time of collision is called the activation energy and this theory is known as the?collision theory?. Reactions occur in all circumstances. Chemicals are always combining and breaking up. Reactants and products combine and break apart in all reactions.
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants.
Investigating the Effect of Concentration of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid with Magnesium Metal Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid when it reacts with magnesium metal. Scientific Knowledge: Concentrated acid contains many acid particles. In order for a reaction to take place acid particles must collide with magnesium atoms breaking the chemical bonds, there must also be enough energy within the reaction for them to collide; otherwise they would simply bounce off each other. A reaction that does have enough energy to create a reaction is referred to as an effective collision. Within a reaction containing a high concentration of acid, a collision between acid particles and magnesium atoms is very likely.
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Introduction Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence the rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects reaction rate because when the surface area of a reactant is increased, more particles are exposed to the other reactant.