Interval training brings many benefits to the aerobic system. Perhaps the most important benefit is an increase in its capacity to produce energy. This is brought about by increased capacity to consume oxygen during exercise. Several experiments have yielded results demonstrating that interval training increases both VO2 peak (Perry, 2008) and VO2 max (Sloth, 2013). Oxygen is necessary for the conversion of sugar, protein, and lipids into usable energy. The chemical processes involved in aerobic metabolism are not possible without oxygen, particularly the electron transport chain, the mechanism responsible for 95% of the ATP needed to keep cells alive. Oxygen is necessary to capture the large amount of energy locked in the chemical bonds of pyruvic acid, the product of the anaerobic process glycolysis. Thus, the more oxygen the body is able to consume, the greater production of ATP via the aerobic system.
Not only does interval training increase the amount of oxygen the body can consume during exercise, but its efficiency in delivering the oxygen to the key muscles. This is attributed by researchers to increase in stroke volume. Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart in a single beat. The body can only continue performing exercise when the performing muscles receive oxygenated blood. Therefore, it is crucial that the oxygenated blood supply continue to be open throughout exercise. Stroke volume can increase through a higher left ventricular contractile force and/or through an increase in cardiac filling pressure, which raises end-diastolic volume and resultant stroke volume (Laursen, 2002). In addition to increased stroke volume, researchers have identified increased activity b...
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...l., 1987). In a study in which the participants performed sprint interval training (Bayati, 2011), there was an increase in maximal blood lactate from pre to post training, indicating greater capacity of anaerobic glycolysis. This increase was found coinciding with increased peak power, mean power, and total work . Sharp et al. (1986) reported an increase in blood lactate concentrations and total work performed during a 45-s maximal cycle sprint after eight weeks of intense sprint training in untrained subjects. This data was reported in conjunction with an increase in the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK), suggesting that increased lactate and total work values were due to improved glycolytic output. All of these studies suggest that interval training improves the performance of the anaerobic system, and more readily activates aerobic metabolism.
Submaximal and maximal exercise testing are two analytic methods that can be used to examine the cardiovascular, and cardiorespiratory fitness/health levels of the individual being examined. Submaximal testing is usually preferred over maximal mainly because the submaximal exam is more practical in a fitness/health environment. Both test require the individual being examined to perform controlled exercise on a(n) treadmill/ergometer until either steady state has consecutively been reached (submax), or the individual reaches their max (close to it). Being that both test are set to exceed time limits of more than 3 minutes we examine the use of the ATP-PC, Glycolytic, and Oxidative energy systems. Although a huge portion of the test involves the use of the oxidative energy system, we must remember that the three systems are co-occurrent.
Shi X, Gisolfi CV. Fluid and carbohydrate replacement during intermittent exercise. Sports Med 25 (3): 157-172, 1998.
Overall, the data collected from this lab supported the hypothesis that even though the 1.5 mile run test will not produce the highest average VO2 max, the results of the 1.5 mile run will produce the most accurate VO2 max results as the test puts more physiological demand on the body compared to the Queens College/McArdle Step Test and the Rockport One Mile Walk Test. Even though theoretically all three of the field tests should have produced the same estimate of aerobic capacity, the three tests produced different results due to various reasons. Since the 1.5 mile run placed the most physiological demands on the body, this test was a better indicator of individual VO2 max. Overall, all three of the field tests proved that males had a higher average VO2 max compared to women. In addition, individuals who are aerobically trained tend to perform better considering these individuals are able to sustain a higher intensity level for a longer amount of
The data collected during this experiment has shown that a relationship likely exists between the rate of muscle fatigue and the time spent performing vigorous exercise prior to the set of repetitive movements. This is likely due to a build-up of lactic acid and lactate as a result of anaerobic respiration occurring to provide energy for the muscle cell’s movement. As the pH of the cell would have been lowered, the enzymes necessary in the reactions would likely not be working in their optimum pH range, slowing the respiration reactions and providing an explanation to why the average number of repetitions decreased as the prior amount of exercise increased.
•While exercising your lungs tries to increase the intake of oxygen as well as release the carbon dioxide.
In this lab, we explored the theory of maximal oxygen consumption. “Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is defined as the highest rate at which oxygen can be taken up and utilized by the body during severe exercise” (Bassett and Howley, 2000). VO2max is measured in millimeters of O2 consumed per kilogram of body weight per min (ml/kg/min). It is commonly known as a good way to determine a subject’s cardio-respiratory endurance and aerobic fitness level. Two people whom are given the same aerobic task (can both be considered “fit”) however, the more fit individual can consume more oxygen to produce enough energy to sustain higher, intense work loads during exercise. The purpose of this lab experiment was performed to determine the VO2max results of a trained vs. an untrained participant to see who was more fit.
The human body is composed of three different energy systems that “provide energy for muscular work and exercise, including two anaerobic systems and one aerobic.” (Amezdroz, Dickens, Hosford, Stewart, and Davis,2010) (Refer to Appendix A). Our bodies need a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Phosphate) to do work. All three systems produce ATP to fuel our bodies with energy depending on the conditions of the activities, such as duration and intensity. An aquathon is “the simplest form of multisport, it consists of swimming and running” (Triathlon.org, 2018). This analytical exposition will justify how the contribution of energy from the aerobic system supports my aquathon capacities.
Do you know how you are able to run long distances or lift heavy things? One of the reasons is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is how your body breaks down the food you’ve eaten into adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. ATP is the bodies energy its in every cell in the human body. We don’t always need cellular respiration so it is sometimes anaerobic. For example, when we are sleeping or just watching television. When you are doing activities that are intense like lifting weights or running, your cellular respiration becomes aerobic which means you are also using more ATP. Cellular respiration is important in modern science because if we did not know about it, we wouldn’t know how we are able to make ATP when we are doing simple task like that are aerobic or anaerobic.
Cellular respiration is an important function for the body to obtain energy (Citovsky, Lecture 18). There are two types of cellular respiration; aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions are the cellular respiration occurred with oxygen while anaerobic conditions are cellular respiration occurred without oxygen. The most common cellular respiration is aerobic conditions where oxygen were supplied for phosphorylation (Campbell et al., pg 177). In human body, anaerobic conditions occurred when muscle cells are overworked and oxygen is depleted before it could be replenished (Citovsky, Lecture 19). This is a common phenomenon during exercise. The accumulation and production of lactic acid from anaerobic cellular respiration has been always a cause of muscle sore from intense exercise (Campbell et al., pg. 179).
blood lactate usually return to normal within an hr after activity. Exercises utilizing this pathway: Powerlifting: relies mainly on anaerobic energy pathway for energy boosting. Repeat chase, catch & wrestle drill- In a restricted area (10m X 10m) 1 athlete is the chaser while the other is the evader Working on 45s intervals- the evader tries to stay away from the chaser When the chaser catches the evader he/she wraps them up then wrestles the ball from them
Two similar, but separate studies were conducted. The first study (A) used 12 highly trained athletes, either triathletes or cyclists. The second study (B) used a smaller sample of 8 athletes with similar backgrounds. While training histories were similar, caffeine intake histories varied from occasional to regular intake of up to ~150 mg/day (2mg/Kg). Subjects first performed a maximal incremental power test to determine their VO2 peak, a measurement of the body's ability to taken in O2 and turn it into work. A work rate of ...
For the past several years runners all over the world have been trying to figure out and arguing over the simple question: “Is high mileage training better than low mileage, during training season?” Kenyan’s in Africa have been running unbelievable amounts of mileage for years, and tend to always be in the top field in any race over five thousand meters. While Africans have been leading the fields for years, where do the best US runners end up? Not in the lead pack! Perhaps they are training too hard to be like their Kenyan counterparts. I think a lot of runners believe that if they train like the runners from Kenya that they will have the same results. When in truth they end up running themselves into the ground. Perhaps that is why there are others that think that if they train light and more to their athletic ability level that they will have better results.
Both the vertical jump test and the 50-meter sprint were quick, explosive tests that measured anaerobic power. Anaerobic power reflects the ability of the ATP-PCr energy pathways to produce immediate energy for muscle contractions; however, the ATP-PCr system is quickly depleted as it is only used for short bursts of power output. Since the vertical jump test and 50-meter sprint lasted no longer than ten seconds, these two tests measured anaerobic power. Based on the results of the vertical jump test and the 50-meter sprint, the conclusion can be made that men have both a higher absolute power and a higher relative power compared to women. Compared to the vertical jump test and the 50-meter sprint, the Wingate cycle test was a longer test measuring both anaerobic power and capacity.
Aerobic exercise involves improving the cardiovascular system. It increases the efficiency with which the body is able to utilize oxygen (Dintiman, Stone, Pennington, & Davis, 1984). In other words, aerobic exercise means that continuous and large amounts of oxygen are needed to get in order to generate the amount of energy needed to complete the workout. The most common type of aerobic exercise is long-distance running, or jogging. While running, the body requires large amounts of energy in order for the body to sustain energy. “During prolonged exercise, most of the energy is aerobic, derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats” (Getchell, 1976).
During anaerobic there is inadequate quantity of oxygen, which means that the muscle cells in our body function in “emergency mode” in such a way that they have to break down glucose inadequately when producing lactic acid as an alternative product.