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Throughout history an even today, Caribbean scholars contend that Caribbean relations are characterized by an interplay of race, class and gender. Clarke agree with this statement and said that, “The social structure of the Caribbean region is based on differences associated with class, race or colour, ethnicity and culture (Clarke, 2013). These three (3) components of race, class and gender affect each other in one way or the other. In other word, one’s class position may be dependent on his or her race or gender or one’s gender may determine his or her class position in society. It is important to note that the interplay of race, class and gender in the Caribbean differs from island to island. This essay will discuss the extent to which …show more content…
The three concepts of race, class and gender are socially constructed. According to Reddock (2007), the concept of race is socially constructed and is used to group individuals based on phenotype, physical features and area of origin. Moreover, Hall noted that race is not a pure category in the Caribbean it is not legally defined; however, it is socially define via visible registration such as physical characteristics, pigmentation and culture (as cited in Green, 1995). Class is also socially constructed and it involves the grouping of people into a hierarchy of social stratification based on socioeconomic position (Taylor, Richardson, Yeo, Marsh, Trobe, Pilkington, 1999). Classed in the Caribbean are bounded groups whose social position in the social hierarchy derived from past and present division of labour (Clarke, 2013). Class can be classified as into three categories-upper class, middle class and lower class (Taylor et al.). Taylor et al went on to say that class can be defined more broadly as a group of people with certain common traits such as descent, education, accent, similarity in occupation and wealth among others. Gender, as stated by World Health organization (WHO, 2016), refers to “the socially constructed characteristics of women and men such as norms, roles and relationships of and between groups of women and men. It varies from society to society and can be
Fluorescent turquoise waters, a vibrant city culture, as well as an unending supply of mimosas and sunburns within a resort, benefits the common wealthy couple looking for a swell time. When people imagine the Caribbean, they probably visualize the soft sands of the Spice Island Beach Resort. Many people see the Caribbean as relaxing paradise. What people don’t understand, are the years of history hidden behind the mask of many resorts. In the book entitled “Empire’s Crossroads: A History of the Caribbean from Columbus to the Present Day”, Author Carrie Gibson differentiates how people view the Caribbean nowadays, by altering their visualization with four-hundred pages of rich history and culture, that argues the ideology about the Caribbean
The novel deals with the pain and pleasure of the past and present and how that effects the identity construction of an individual. The ethnic/racial identity of an individual can be influences by the complexities of a post-colonial society filled with social clashes, inferiority, and the othering of individuals. The novel focuses on the Haitians who have migrated to the Dominican Republic to escape poverty but are still alienated and devalued because of their poor economical conditions. By migrating to the Dominican Republic and crossing the boundary between the two countries they are symbolically being marked as ‘other’ and seen as ‘inferior’ by
The majority of the nearly 500,000 slaves on the island, at the end of the eighteenth century endured some of the worst slave conditions in the Caribbean. These people were seen as disposable economic inputs in a colony driven by greed. Thus, they receive...
8. Shepherd, Verene. Engendering History: Caribbean Women in Historical Perspective. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.
The essays of Julia Alvarez and Danzy Senna address issues of multiracial identity important in their younger years as they grew up daughters of a multiethnic and multiracial background. Despite the slight generational differences, the same issues are as important today as they were twenty or thirty years ago.
Discrimination against females and males is a persistent and serious problem, especially in the Caribbean. Throughout history it is believed that the different roles, purpose, attribute and status accorded to females and males in society are characterized by gender. In the Caribbean there has been an uneven distribution of authority, wealth and privileges among females and males. Discrimination against males with discrimination against females are compared on the bases of sports, family and home environment, residual income and sexual orientation.
Race, in the common understanding, draws upon differences not only of skin color and physical attributes but also of language, nationality, and religion. Race categories are often used as ethnic intensifiers, with the aim of justifying the exploitation of one group by another. Race is an idea that has become so fixed in American society that there is no room for open-mindedness when challenging the idea of racial categories. Over the years there has been a drastic change with the way the term "race" is used by scientists. Essentially, there is a major difference between the biological and sociological views of race.
societies to reexamine their view of the Caribbean. In this paper the following topics in The
When examining the concept of race and ethnicity in Latin America, it can be said that it has quite a different meaning. Latin Americans perceive race as being open ended and explicit, yet racism is quite implicit in their society. They also attempt to adhere to the idea that they are living within a “racial democracy”. Racial democracies are a concept created to convince people that racism does not impact the structure of society and the opportunities that are available to people.
Social Stratification has a stronger based argument in its description of contemporary Caribbean Social life than Pluralism, however can both be used to analyze aspects of all societies to varying degrees. They are not mutually exclusive, both consensus and dissensus, cohesion and conflict, are present in varying degrees in all societies (van den Berghe 1963; Lenski 1966; Williams 1966; Mitchell 1970). Pluralism, according to Furnival is where different ethnic groups in a society remain separate and distinct except for when they converge or meet in the market place. The market place lacks the distinctive characteristics required for the organic solidarity Durkheim had envisioned, instead involving brutal conflict and exploitation. The norms,
Broadly speaking, race is seen or is assumed to be a biologically driven set of boundaries that group and categorize people according to phenotypical similarities (e.g. skin color) (Pinderhughes, 1989; Root, 1998). The categorical classification of race can be traced back to the 16th century Linnaen system of human “races” where each race was believed to be of a distinct type or subspecies that included separate gene pools (Omi & Winant, 1994; Spickard, 1992; Smedley & Smedley, 2005). Race in the U.S. initially began as a general categorizing term, interchangeable with such terms as “type” or “species”. Over time, race began to morph into a term specifically referring to groups of people living in North America (i.e. European “Whites”, Native American “Indians”, and African “Negroes”). Race represented a new way to illustrate human difference as well as a way to socially structure society (Smedley & Smedley, 2005).
Reflecting directly on the cultural attitudes and sociocultural messages explained throughout this course, it is clear that race, gender, and sexuality are all socially constructed in one way or another. Contrary to popular belief, race is actually almost completely socially constructed, it is not biological. Further, a human’s DNA does not differentiate at all to create any specific race. However, society has categorized certain things, such as skin color, to determine the race of individuals. In simpler terms, there are not specific genes that parents pass on to their offspring that determine their race; society categorizes people into specific races when they are born based on their
Fischer et al. (1996), mainly focused trying to point out how social inequality is socially constructed, which means that it is a man-made invention rather than being something that is determined by nature (Grusky & Weisshar, 2014). This concept emphasizes that man-made social forces are what determines the inequality within a society. For example in the United States, one of the major determents of social inequality is race. The race of a person is something that society has created in order to determine the classification of a person. According to Healy (2011), the term race can be defined as “biologically, an isolated, inbreeding population with distinctive genetic heritage. Socially, the term is used loosely and reflects patterns of inequality
we tend to focus on them one at a time as if they were separate from one another but they are not. This term that they are connected is called “intersectionality”, for instance, gender discrimination against men/women, can be related, and shaped by their race or ethnicity as well. To put it differently, a person does not experience oppression single handedly, but rather simultaneously. Furthermore, this is seen in the Caribbean “Even where a strong white local elite is present; race is defined socially. Thus it enters into the mechanisms of social mobility and stratification via registrations: physical characteristics, pigmentation, in some indeterminate way, “culture.”. Of these colour is the most visible, the most manifest and hence the handiest way of identifying the different social groups. But colour itself is defined socially: and it too is a composite term. Hence, the distinction between European and African features is ranked on the basis of a European standard. However, Hall continues, when these characteristics are combined with other systems of stratification (education, wealth, occupation, lifestyle, taste, appearance, values) they can socially “lighten” and individual.” (downtown ladies 12). In other words, race is defined per group and thus has different meanings, and these meanings are put into the mechanisms of social mobility and stratification (value is given to achieved status) which could be physical characteristics, pigmentation, and in some way culture to define a person. Moreover, this social mobility can be “lightened” by other factors which is indirectly correlated to a white person's lifestyle because of the consideration of an “education, lifestyle, wealth etc.”. Therefore, further exemplifying the loss of the African community because by obtaining these values of a white person, will the black person become more “socially lightened” and closer to being a real human
The social composition of the Caribbean is the result of the racial alliance and allocation of occupation. The plural society model becomes apparent to see in the consideration of the racial alliance and distribution of occupation. There is verification of all three theories in the Caribbean society but amongst them plural society is the clear choose to relate to the Caribbean society today, because it best explains what is taking place in society today especially in Trinidad and Tobago.