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Chapter 5 culture and diversity
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Vincent Nguyen Professor Mcauley/TA: Arguera Black Studies 7 27 November 2017 Oppression through Social Categorization Gender roles and racial discrimination has changed in many ways throughout history as within recent societal representation. In the the early 1900s, woman wore skirts that brushed the floor, belted jackets, fancy dresses etc. In the early 1990s, women wore short dresses, heeled shoes, turtlenecks etc. In fact, every succeeding generation has brought with it different expectations for how races,women and men are viewed within society. Although, we may be more open to expectations than were past generations, there are still expected norms of behavior for women and men in society. For example,“gender roles” means society expects …show more content…
we tend to focus on them one at a time as if they were separate from one another but they are not. This term that they are connected is called “intersectionality”, for instance, gender discrimination against men/women, can be related, and shaped by their race or ethnicity as well. To put it differently, a person does not experience oppression single handedly, but rather simultaneously. Furthermore, this is seen in the Caribbean “Even where a strong white local elite is present; race is defined socially. Thus it enters into the mechanisms of social mobility and stratification via registrations: physical characteristics, pigmentation, in some indeterminate way, “culture.”. Of these colour is the most visible, the most manifest and hence the handiest way of identifying the different social groups. But colour itself is defined socially: and it too is a composite term. Hence, the distinction between European and African features is ranked on the basis of a European standard. However, Hall continues, when these characteristics are combined with other systems of stratification (education, wealth, occupation, lifestyle, taste, appearance, values) they can socially “lighten” and individual.” (downtown ladies 12). In other words, race is defined per group and thus has different meanings, and these meanings are put into the mechanisms of social mobility and stratification (value is given to achieved status) which could be physical characteristics, pigmentation, and in some way culture to define a person. Moreover, this social mobility can be “lightened” by other factors which is indirectly correlated to a white person's lifestyle because of the consideration of an “education, lifestyle, wealth etc.”. Therefore, further exemplifying the loss of the African community because by obtaining these values of a white person, will the black person become more “socially lightened” and closer to being a real human
Omi & Winant, Bonilla-Silva, and Loveman all have different approach in understanding the distinction between ethnicity and race. Omi & Winant and Bonilla-silva all made a distinction between ethnicity and race, and study race through the lens of power relation, while Loveman argued that it is important to study these two side by side. DuBois articulate blackness as both race and ethnicity with the approach of “Double-Consciousness”.
Because sexism and racial prejudice still occur today, it is important to look at these social conditions of women and minorities that were discussed by Gilman and Du Bois in the 19th and 20th centuries. The objectification of women throughout the media imposes the idea that women should focus on how they look rather than on their intellectual capabilities. While the U.S. has imposed laws that prohibit the systematic discrimination of African Americans, there is still large income inequalities because of the racial prejudices that occur during the hiring process. Thus, it is important to study the works of Gilman and Du Bois to understand how woman and minorities continue to be treated.
The society has a tendency to develop assumptions about individuals based on their race, income levels and even gender. One of the major stereotypic notions is based on the roles and position that
African American women are considered the most disadvantaged group vulnerable to discrimination and harassment. Researchers have concluded that their racial and gender classification may explain their vulnerable position within society, despite the strides these women have made in education, employment, and progressing their families and communities (Chavous et al. 2004; Childs 2005; Hunter 1998; Settles 2006; Wilkins 2012). Most people agree that race and gender categories are explained as the biological differences between individuals in our society; however sociologists understand that race and gender categories are social constructions that are maintained on micro and macro levels. Historically, those in power who control the means of production within a society have imposed race, class, and gender meanings onto the minority population in order to maintain their dominant position and justify the unequal treatment of minority individuals by the divisions of race, class, and gender categories (Collins 2004; Nguyen & Anthony 2014; Settles 2006;).
Social Stratification in the African American community has changed over the years. Social stratification is defined as a rigid subdivision of a society into a hierarchy of layers, differentiated on the basis of power, prestige, and wealth according to Webster’s dictionary. David Newman in Sociology Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life describes stratification as a ranking system for groups of people that perpetuates unequal rewards and life chances in society. From slavery to the present, the African American community has been seen to have lower status compared to white people. Today, the stratification or hierarchy difference between whites and black are not really noticeable, but it is still present. However, during slavery, the difference in social stratification was noticeable. Whites dominated over the blacks and mulattoes (offspring of a white and black parent). The mulattoes were seen to have a higher stratification than an offspring of black ancestry. Because the mulattoes were related to the whites, they were able to obtain higher education and better occupations than blacks. For example, most slaves of a lighter skin tone worked in the houses and darker slaves worked in the fields. As the people of light skin tone had children, they were able to have advantages too. The advantages have led into the society of today. In this paper I will discuss how stratification has been affected in the African American community over time by skin tone to make mulattoes more privileged than dark skin blacks.
In the black community, African-Americans are discriminating against each other, putting those with lighter skin complexion against ones whose skin is darker. In the African American community it’s like a battle of the skin tones. This type of racism is also known as colorism, the belief that those with lighter, fairer skin are treated with a higher respect than those with darker skin, this issue has been happening for a long time within the African American community. This form of racism is more offensive, severe, and different than the common traditional racism. The African American community is supposed to be united under the race Black, but that is where the problems come in. Under the ethnicity of African American, and have pride in their skin color and supposed to be joined together, there is a system of separation within the different shades of “Black.” In the black community, there are all kinds of shades of black, yellows, light, brown, dark brown, and other shades. According to Dr. Ronald Hall, a social work professor at Michigan State University, "As a result of having been colonized particularly by Spaniards, the British, etcetera, a lot of people...
Throughout history men are held to a higher standard than women. Men are viewed as the ones with political, corporate and economic power able to control the world we live in, but women on the other hand, are viewed as the opposite, the standard of women is seen as the ones who stayed home, take care and nurture the kids, provide food for the family and maintain the household. According to American anthropologist Conrad Kottak, gender roles are tasks and activities the culture assigns to men and women (2008). There are numerous ways determining and understanding how gender roles of men and women are to be expected, and upheld in society.
How a society builds or comprehends race alters across communities. Racism has been a critical issue for a long time in our society and while actions have been taken to prevent it, it is a controversial issue as to whether racism can be avoided or not. The belief that black people are human beings is a new discovery in the Modern West. The concept of black equality in beauty, culture, and intellectual capacity remains questionable and controversial within important halls of learning and cultured intellectual circles. The African Americans confrontation with the modernized world has been formed first and foremost by the principle of white dominance, which is demonstrated in institutionalized practices and achieved in everyday cultures under different circumstances and developing conditions. The Historical learning of racial thoughts and approach has frequently been improper by the impulsive present day. Earlier writers are held up to disdain without any acceptable attempts to locate their understanding within the circumstances of the ability available to their generation. Modern writers all too easily disregard the alteration in the meaning connect to the word “race” (Banton pg 51). We rarely view modernity through the lens of the enslaved and their descendants-yet we fail to do so at our peril. (West)
These categories are determined by physical differences such as hair and skin colour. In ‘Souls of White Folk” (DuBois, 1920) Du Bois explains that race is defined by each individual’s heritage and history although the common laws in these histories also had a role in defining the rol of each race.. Du Bois (Solomos & Black, 2005) is able to link the prejudice that has been set against certain races to the history of friction between the people belonging to those
In this paper, I will focus on the construction of race and how race and racialization have played significant roles within the African Diaspora, as it has used classifications of the outside to determine the social conduct of a person in society. Even though race is a social construct, with no basis in biology or other science, there is merit to its impact as we can see through the way race impacts diaspora, shapes identity, and changes how society sees people.
Society has females and males alike typecasted into roles which have basic characteristics that are the reverse of each other. Although this has begun to change over the past thirty years, typically the man was seen as superior to the female. This superior image is one that today, is slowly on its way to being reduced to one of complete equality between the two genders.
For this term paper I will be analyzing the social problem colorism within the African American community. I chose colorism because it’s a problem that is not addressed often and has consequences outside the community. Colorism is important because as a society we need to break away from status being determined by characteristics. Colorism can be observed in the media, when it comes to employment, law enforcement, self-concepts, and social interactions with non-African Americans. Skin tone discrimination creates division within the community and affects the quality of life for darker skinned individuals.
Throughout many eras, women have been discriminated in various aspects from all around the world. Some of the aspects include dressing requirements, access to education,
In order for us to make sense of this world we live in, we organize it in such a way that highlights differences between individuals and groups of people. We are sectored off by race, class, sexuality, ethnicity, geographic location, educational level as well as physical and mental capabilities. Gender has been known to be of high importance in one’s identity and appears to be a differentiating factor in almost every aspect of our lives. Gender ideologies shape the societies we grow up with in that they implement ideas many share regarding identities, behaviors and institutions; they create expectations for how a person of a certain perceived gender should act, which in turn allow others to police those who “break” these ideologies. One institution
They creates a stigmatized definition of what it means to be male and female. These stereotypical roles given to us from birth, often create gender inequality causing both males and females to struggle from gender disproportion. Unfortunately this is difficult to eliminate as they have been socially constructed into our societies. Although over the years these roles have been changing due to the awareness, media and many laws and protests, there is still the need for a self-identity and equality among both males and females. Blasco (2010) suggests that in order for us to move towards improvement, we cannot view males and females as complete opposite.