2.0 Introduction
The purpose of this chapter is to review the relevant literature review about the factors influence student online shopping behavior. In this chapter, this study wills going to discuss on the previous empirical studies that consist all of the four variables to examine in this study. These four variables classified into independent variable and dependent variable that are involved in this research. The first section explains about the independent variable that is the factors that influence student online shopping behavior, they are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, online ads, and privacy and security. The second section explained dependent variables.
2.1 Independent variables
2.1.1 Perceived ease of use
Technology acceptance model were introduced by Davis, Bagozzi, & Warshaw, 1989.Technology acceptance model (TAM) is defined as an information system theory that models how user come to accept and use a technology, it is related with perceived ease of use and usefulness. Online shopping definitely comes with various benefits, save money and times are one of the benefits that online shoppers gained from shopping on-line. Less effort, time and money could be spend because involve only just-click and they can search information they needed for products and services that have been recognized. But, it is stated by David et al., that perceive ease of use extent to the individual believe that using a particular system will be free of effort. The things is online shopping attracting customer intention to adapt to because the effectiveness of doing it compared to window shopping. Zamri & Idris (2013), stated that the perceived ease of use is associated with the “user friendliness” of the website. Yet, poorly desi...
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... be stole or misused by others (Haque et al., 2006). Consumers hesitated in providing their personal information because of fear it might be misused by another third party, that so for student as well. Consumers will try to avoid or exposed to risk of their personal information and financial loss, thus it reducing their intentions to make online purchase. Therefore, online retailers have to assure their website reputation in managing consumer personal information because it can help to increase consumer trust in purchasing online.
2.3.2 DEPENDENT VARIABLES
2.3.2.1 Online shopping behavior
For dependent variables is student online shopping behavior, this dependent variables is affected by independent variables. Online shopping is become popular internet activities among consumer, including student. Student adopt online shopping behavior since it is more convenience.
This is because for example, if you buy a designer watch on an e-commerce site, you don’t know 100% if it’s original or not, which is why some customers don’t trust e-commerce sites. Also some customers have trust issues with e-commerce businesses because they think their personal details are not private. Customers also have issues when e-commerce sites personalise their usage of sites, by recommended other products, centred on what they purchased or searched for before.
One of the aspects that make consumer not to trust website is unauthorised access to products and services that they buy online. It is true that some of online retailers can use customer information whatever they want without getting permission from customers for example sends information to another vendor. Luhmann has suggest that if we want to reduce the complexity of human conduct to build good relationship with consumers by introducing ‘trust’ (Luhmann, 1989)
The digital era arrives. Blue Book information editorial board and Social Science Literature Publishing House (2010) pointed out that “China's e-commerce transaction volume reached 3.85 trillion yuan in 2009”. Utilisation of e-business services was also high amongst Hong Kong people. About 98.3% of all persons had used e-business services such as Octopus Card and Automatic Teller Machine (Census and Statistics Department, 2009). One of the pitfalls for the development of e-business, however, is the concerns on consumer privacy. According to Green’s (1999) survey, 54% of respondents had decided not to purchase a product because of a concern on overuse of personal information collected in the e-business transaction. This essay examines the circumstance on protection of consumer privacy in e-business. As e-business is surging by astronomical number and consumer information is a kind of property, the protection of consumer privacy in e-business becomes significant. This essay begins with the causes of the problem, and then move on to analyse the effects. Lastly, the essay concludes with the solutions to the problem.
A goal of this research was also to find out how useful eWOM influences purchase intention of online shoppers. It has been found that two groups of factors make the information perceived as useful – related to the eWOM and related to the source.
Cyber Monday impacted the use of media in the U.S. Online shopping has grown tremendously in the past years. More and more individuals are finding it easier to shop online than in stores because they have the luxury of doing so in their own home. Because of this, Online shopping boosted economic growth across the U.S and even in other foreign countries. According to “Cyber Monday, Green Monday and the impact worldwide” it states that, “Originally coined by Shop.org in 2005, “Cyber Monday” has inspired additional special shopping days that provide more discounts to shoppers and encourage consumers to continue working on their holiday gift lists” (Swerdlow, 2014).
In today’s market, e-commerce websites are growing at very fast pace, helping online consumers to shop at ease and achieve their goals in their everyday lives. Most of these websites are designed to provide the basis of business services such as online business transactions but do not make purchasing easy for customers.
Featherman et al., (2003) examined the e-service adoption in IT system and findings indicated that e-services adoption is affected by perceived risk which reduced by perceived ease of use of that e-service. Tan and Tao (2000) conducted the affecting factors on the adoption of Internet banking by the attitudinal, social and perceived behavioral. This result indicated both attitudinal and behavioral significantly influenced on the adoption of Internet banking. Ha et al., (2007) examined about user preferences on on-line game adoption, and the results stated that perceived usefulness did not influence on user attitude but perceived enjoyment would effect on user perspective of online game adoption. Grandon and Pearson (2004) found that organizational readiness, external pressure, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness would be affecting on the introduction of electronic
The Internet is rapidly becoming widespread and widely used as a tool for globalization across the world. As the Internet became more easily accessible by most people in the world, the web is bringing significant implications and changes to the way we live, including the way we shop. There is a rapid growth with e-commerce and moving businesses onto the web and retail success is no longer about stores and shopping centers. In developed countries, about two thirds of the population have access to the Internet making the option of online shopping is easily accessible to most people (Valerio). With the ease of shopping in your own home there are many benefits of doing your shopping online. Consumers can easily compare prices online, there is a larger range of products on the web, you can save time by having your shopping delivered right to your doorstep and it also overcomes physical barriers. Over the last decade online shopping has challenged and replaced the traditional means of physically going into shops as the digital world has provided customers with further convenience, flexibility and comfort from shopping from your own home.
The Information revolution is changing our daily lives. With the rapid development of computer and internet, online commerce become quite common and plays an important role in the modern world. The online business has booming development in these few years. US online retail sales raised an average of 11% in the first three months of 2009 (“US Online Sales Up,” 2009). The growth of online sales may due to the growing number of consumers who shop online. In the case of Asia, survey reported 77.6% of Internet users have online shopping experiences in 2003 (as cited in To, Liao & Lin, 2007). Online shopping is very different from traditional shopping. Consumers cannot touch and check the product before purchasing it, which means they are at higher risk of fraud than traditional shopping. Consumers also have other concerns such as credit cards security of online shopping. Then questions should be raised: what is the advantage of online shopping? Why people shop online? In following paragraphs, the advantage of online shopping for the consumer and consumer’s motivation to shop online will be reviewed and discussed.
When comparing two different ways of shopping most people do not even think about, they do both and not even realize it. In today?s society people shop while at work, after work and on the weekends, whenever time permits. Did you ever stop and think how can I get more time in the day for family or just myself? The best way to figure out with all the recourses we have; still most of us go into a store and spend time looking through racks and waiting in endless line to just purchase something. I compared going into a store verses online shopping; to see which on will save you time and money.
Zeithaml, V. A. and Gilly, M. C. (1987). Characteristics affecting the acceptance of retailing technologies: A comparison of elderly and nonelderly consumers, Journal of Retailing, 63, p. 4948.
In today’s era “INTERNET” is playing a significant role in our daily life. People can walk through the internet to one who is actually living on the different side of the planet, can send mails round the clock, search information & even buy things online. With this invention of internet there is a shift in traditional way of shopping. Now there is no need to open a physical store. One can be active at any time and place and purchase products and services. The number of users of internet is increasing day by day which means that online shopping is increasing. Various characteristics of online shopping is making it more convenient for the customers, as compared to traditional way of shopping such as the ability to view and purchase goods and
Online shopping is the latest and greatest craze in the history of the internet, it’s fantastic! You can sit in the comfort of your own home, being as daggy-looking as you like and shop for all your pantry needs or buy that dress you’d like to wear out this weekend, its takes shopping to a whole new level. My favourite online shopping (because I’m female) is online fashion, I love the convenience of being tired and not having to go anywhere to get an outfit.
There have been many things that have transformed our society today; one of those being online shopping. Online shopping began in 1979 and was invented by a man named Michael Aldrich. Michael invented online shopping to enable online transactions between consumers and businesses. Although shopping in stores has been the number one way for Americans to shop all of these years, shopping online has made a big impact on our culture by making advertising sway consumers through marketing, lead us to copy others, cause impulsive behavior, and succumb our moods.
The existence of many sophisticated computer systems and various innovations in the Computer Age justifies the need for new ways of sales in society. The need for share of information in a so called ‘global network’ and man’s desire to communicate from long distances called for the birth of the World Wide Web (formerly known as ARPANET). With the advent of the internet, many of the mundane tasks and businesses became feasible. Things like buying and selling can now be done online. Consumers no longer need to move from their place. A few clicks from their home would suffice enough to do the job. Not only the Internet facilitate purchasing, but it also provide s distance education. Students can earn a degree by taking an online education by means of the Internet.