Indonesian Transmigration
The transmigration policy of Indonesia, initiated by the Dutch in the
1950s, consisted of moving millions of Indonesians from the densely
populated inner islands to the less densely populated Indonesian outer
islands.
Why Indonesia adopted a migration policy
[IMAGE]Indonesia's transmigration policy was adopted to relieve
congestion from the inner islands of Indonesia such as Java, Mandura
and Bali and to achieve a more balanced demographic development.
Java and Mandura have 7% of the total land area of Indonesia. However
the very uneven distribution of population means these two islands
alone hold 65% of Indonesia's population. Problems have aroused from
the large densities of people. Birth rates are high producing a large
numbers of young people; despite encouraged family planning. This
contributes to an annual population growth rate of 2.3%. Growth of
families has led to repeated sub-division of the land. Between 1973
and 1980 the percentage of landless farmers increased by 11.7% from
3.2% to 14.9%.
Improving the standard of living of the inhabitants of the inner
islands was another aim of the migration policy. It was intended that
unemployment of the landless labourers (due to land subdivision) and
the urban unemployed be improved. Food production was hoped to
increase as well as the promotion of regional development and national
security.
The outer islands were chosen due to the low densities of population
and the amount of land for settlement. Transmigration exploited the
potential of the outer islands.
What the programme entailed
Although in the beginning of the programme it was estimated 48 million
people from Java alone would be moved within a 35-year period, a more
realistic figure was later set of 2 million people every 5 years.
Transmigration takes place from the islands Java, Mandura, Bali and
Lombok to Sumatara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Irian Jaya. Between 1950
and 1984 Sumatara received 65% of transmigrants, Kalimantan received
18%, Sulawesi 14% and Irian Jaya 3%.
Migrating families have to fit a certain criteria. Each family must be
healthy and all under the age of 40, preferably married with two-four
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As a supervisor in the military, I encountered an airman who had all the right qualifications according to the Air Force, but he was not able to complete his contracted term of six years. He survived basic training and a pretty intense two month technical school, but he only lasted two years in the Air Force before he was asked to leave. To work in the Public Affairs career field, he had to score well on the military entrance exam which means he demonstrated the cognitive abilities – a usual predictor of success. However, he was separated from the Air Force because of his poor social skills. This paper will discuss whether the airman's Emotional Intelligence (EI) could have been improved and the importance of a high EI to an organization.
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Immigrants moved from one country to another would have effective physical and intangible resources in form of skills, knowledge, expertise and experience. It is also important to reveal that persons who have optimum resources move from one country to another country so they have strong financial position to live in foreign countries. It is realized the immigration has positive impact on foreign countries because immigrants provide best services for economy growth. Migration would have effective platform to contribute for success of economy if resources have been utilized effectively and efficiently with aim to contribute for economic growth. Australia has implemented effective migration policy to encourage the foreigners to move from their country to Australia. The pointy system under this policy has four categories to evaluate the foreigners to know about capability for getting migration visa.
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Cruz, Maria C., et al. Population Growth, Poverty, and Environmental Stress. Frontier Migration in the Philippines and Costa Rica. N.p. : World Resources Inc. Institute, a.k.a. 1-92.