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Reducing recidivism research paper
Impact of recidivism on the system
Reducing recidivism research paper
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Like I mentioned earlier, recidivism is the tendency of a released inmate to recommit a crime they originally committed. According to Increased Surveillance of Sex Offenders: Impacts on Recidivism, Lisa Taylor explains that recidivism “Is of great concern to the public, especially given the numerous high-profile, violent assault cases by repeat offenders.” (Taylor) Many people in the public wouldn’t want to even come out of their homes knowing that there are free prisoners roaming around the streets, ready to recommit the crime that brought them to jail. According to Christopher Zoukis, an incarcerated writer at FCC Petersburg, “49.3% of inmates who have been released from federal prison are re-arrested for committing the same crime they committed
This essay begins with the introduction of the Risk-Needs-Responsivitiy Model which was developed to assess offending and offer effective rehabilitation and treatment (Andrews & Bonta, 2007). The R-N-R model “remains the only empirically validated guide for criminal justice interventions that aim to help offenders” (Polashek, 2012, p.1) consisting of three principles which are associated with reductions in recidivism of up to 35% (Andrew & Bonta, 2010); risk, need and responsivity. Firstly, the risk principle predicts the offenders risk level of reoffending based on static and dynamic factors, and then matched to the degree of intervention needed. Secondly, the R-N-R targets individual’s criminogenic needs, in relation to dynamic factors. Lastly, the responsivity principle responds to specific responsivity e.g. individual needs and general responsivity; rehabilitation provided on evidence-based programming (Vitopoulous et al, 2012).
The following research will display an overview of the process in Texas on how sex offenders are registered along with the notifications that are followed after registration. Texas, as many other states, has a procedure which requires sex offenders to register with the local law enforcement agencies at the time of their discharge. In addition to registration, they must also comply with further probation regulations. Research has concluded that there are four basic phases of registration and notification. Beginning with offender notified, following the offender registration and community notified and ending with public notification
Sex offender notification laws have been among the most widely discussed and debated criminal justice policy issues in recent years. Numerous studies have been conducted on various views of sex offender notification laws. A vast majority of these studies have mixed research, some showing that sex offender notification laws are more beneficial than harmful and should continue, and others showing the exact opposite. Reasons such as public safety, the fear factor, and the hope for future recidivism to go down are some examples of why many believe that sex offender notification laws are beneficial to society. Others believe that such laws are a continuation of punishment for those who were convicted of a sex offense.
In America millions of offenders including men and women leave imprisonment in hope to return to their family and friends. On an article Prisoners and Reentry: Facts and Figures by The Annie E. Casey Foundation, in the year 2001 1.5 million children were reunited with their parents as they were released from prison. Also in 2005 the number of that passed prison gates were 698,499 and the number of prisoners that were released was approximated at about 9 million. Parole and Prison reentry has been a topic that really interests not only a lot of the communities around the world but is a topic that interest me. Recidivism is not only the topic that interests people but the offenders that get off on parole and how they cope with society after they
The Recidivism Rate of Juvenile Sex Offenders between Uses of Legal Sentencing as Adults or Utilizing Psychological Treatment
According to the National Institute of Justice, recidivism is one of the most fundamental concepts in criminal justice. The NIJ defines recidivism as a person’s relapse into criminal behavior, often after receiving sanctions or undergoing intervention for a previous crime. Recidivism is often utilized in evaluating prisons effectiveness in crime control. Reducing recidivism is crucial for probation, parole and to the correctional system overall.
Perception is not reality. The common assumption that the court system often treats female sex offenders differently than male sex offenders, the punishments of female sex offenders are more lenient than men who commit the same types of crimes, and the differences between male and female victims are all perception and not reality. Objective considerations to additional factors make the perceptions baseless. These additional factors solidify the factual differences between male and female sex offenders.
Sex offender legislation has been encouraged and written to protect the community and the people at large against recidivism and or to help with the reintegration of those released from prison. Nevertheless, a big question has occurred as to if the tough laws created help the community especially to prevent recidivism or make the situation even worse than it already is. Sex offenders are categorized into three levels for example in the case of the state of Massachusetts; in level one the person is not considered dangerous, and chances of him repeating a sexual offense are low thus his details are not made available to the public (Robbers, 2009). In level two chances of reoccurrence are average thus public have access to this level offenders through local police departments in level three risk of reoffense is high, and a substantial public safety interest is served to protect the public from such individuals.
There are many different strategies available to community corrections officials to best supervise individual sex offenders with different needs in the community. Each offender is an individual and requires personalized types of supervision as well as different treatments. Electronic monitoring has allowed for community corrections officials to monitor sex offenders in the community with personalized supervision plans. Near-real time monitoring of high risk offenders has been made available with active GPS while lower risk offenders are supervised with passive GPS. Different treatment programs are also a strategic tool to help access and treat each offender. The term sex offender is a broad term that encompasses many different sex crimes. Every sex offender requires treatment but some to a more extreme than others. Surgical, pharmaceutical, and psychological treatments are all available to offenders to help with their reintegration process back into the community. There have also been state and federal mandates that notifies communities of released offenders and that require sex offenders to register in a national database. The combination of the offenders information and the notifying of the surrounding community helps take some of the monitoring work off of the community corrections officers. When a community is notified that a sex offender is living in their neighborhood then most people tend to keep an eye out. With the help of more advanced monitoring tools, individual treatment programs, and statutory mandates community corrections officials have many different strategies for monitoring sex offenders in the community
This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of ex-offender reentry. Factors contributing to recidivism include law enforcement officers mistrust for reentry prisoners; lack of familial and community support; difficulties gaining employment due to criminal background, obstacles pertaining to housing. Factors that may reduce recidivism, increase public safety and facilitate ex-offender reintegration transitions, as well as detrimental factors of recidivism are examined. Lastly, the important role of parole officers for ex-offenders and the level of supervision ex-offenders receive are also explored in this paper.
In “Offender Reentry”, David Allender, dives into how recidivism effects both the criminals and the community. To begin with Allender expressing how the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons (PSAMPP) started an attempt to ameliorate the public prisons to better rehabilitate the prisoners where the goal was not to punish its' offenders, but to move them toward spiritual reflection and change. Inmates were on a 23 hour lockdown and had limited communication with any other inmates or staff. The facility restricted reading materials to the Bible since majority of the criminals confided in it and used it show them the right path and make better choices. Consequently, this backfired and led to the first changes in sentences which resulted in a high relapse ratio; as a result, this led to higher strain on the taxpayer and the communities where the crime was committed.
However, there is not enough research to prove that community notification prevents reoffending. Registers can only deter and trace already convicted sex offenders. However, research on reoffending patterns of sex offenders suggest that most sex offenders have not previously been convicted and released, so registration cannot protect the community from the majority of sex offenders. A Department of Justice study in the United States suggested that sex-offenders have a recidivism rate of 3-5% within the first three years after release. A New Zealand Department of Corrections study in 2008 revealed that over a 15-year period, 73% of sex offenders had not been charged or convicted for further sexual offending. International studies suggest that sex offender recidivate less than drug, property and burglary offenders. Ideas perpetuated in the media argue that sex offenders are different, they cannot be cured and they have high recidivism rates, however these conclusions are based on sensationalised media reporting on high profile attacks. One of the main purposes of a sex offender register is to reduce recidivism, however these studies and more show that sex offender recidivism is not as high a rate as it is perceived to
Combating the recidivism rate has been shown to be a daunting task for America. America has the highest population in prisons with 20% of the world’s prison population and only 5% of the world’s population (Prison Crisis, 2014). The definition of Recidivism rate is defined in Merriam Webster as “a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior; especially: relapse into criminal behavior”. New Bedford has the highest crime rate of all of Massachusetts with an estimated 1,200 violent crimes in just the last year making studying this city prevalent. Throughout this paper I will examine recidivism rates throughout the country, and how these effects can help and affect New Bedford in particular. We will also examine the effects
In the last four decades, the number of incarcerated Americans has increased 700 percent to 2.3 million in 2010 (McGarry et al., 2013). The incarceration rates are also high and increasing in several other countries, including Australia, the United Kingdom and Germany. The number of repeat offenders are a large proportion of the prisoners. For example, it is indicated by Mastrobuoni & Terlizzese (2014) that nearly 40 percent of released offenders are re-incarcerated within three years in the United States. Thus, if countries could balance the implement of incarceration and rehabilitation to reduce recidivism, it will bring enormous societal benefits and the decrease in imprisonment rates. In the essay, I will discuss the effectiveness of
Sex offenders have been a serious problem for our legal system at all levels, not to mention those who have been their victims. There are 43,000 inmates in prison for sexual offenses while each year in this country over 510,000 children are sexually assaulted(Oakes 99). The latter statistic, in its context, does not convey the severity of the situation. Each year 510,000 children have their childhood's destroyed, possibly on more than one occasion, and are faced with dealing with the assault for the rest of their lives. Sadly, many of those assaults are perpetrated by people who have already been through the correctional system only to victimize again. Sex offenders, as a class of criminals, are nine times more likely to repeat their crimes(Oakes 99). This presents a