Labor productivity is a major factor on a construction project to stay within the budget and complete on time. Work sampling system is a simple technique to use in management of cost, site resources, time and labor, but it is only an indirect measurement of actual productivity. In a construction projects waste can rise at any phase of the construction development from the start, doing the design phase, and throughout the operation of the construction of the building. In recent years, labor productivity and waste in the construction industry has been one of the major focus of numerous study of construction projects worldwide. Generally, most construction company recognize waste as a very high level of existent in the construction industry.
Labor makes up a huge portion of the construction project cost and the size of the labor hours by performing a task in construction is more vulnerable to the impact of management of material. The productivity measure is often stated to as labor productivity. It is very significant to note that labor productivity is a measure of the overall success of a functioning structure in applying labor hour, equipment and investment to change labor efforts to grater production, and is not a quantity of the proficiencies of labor by itself. For example, by investing in new equipment and technology to perform certain tasks in construction project. The productivity should be increased for the same amount of labor hours, and will also increase in higher labor productivity. According to Yogendra Kumar “Summary of work sampling shows proportions. Main reason for higher no-work component is in-appropriate crew size ratio of skilled and unskilled workers. Higher indirect work component for some trades is due to inaccurate methodology and project layout” (Kumar,
Additionally, every evaluation should also contain the assessment of work sampling methods and labor productivity results for each and every crew involve in order to establish the current part for a given construction job site. By linking to other work sampling methods, the contractor’s labor productivity is relatively high compare to every crew in construction site. This high level of direct work should have attributed to the fact that the contractor is a specialty contractor and its workers generally have a clear objective of what expected the crew and the work will not change, but improves over time with good scheduling and effort. This method would allow each crew or workers to develop quality familiarity with how to perform every tasks as efficiently as
Work breakdown is an essential tool in project management. Project manager make very good use of the WBS. That is to say, it
Construction work and jobs take place in rural, suburban, metro, and urban areas. The work environment can take place in the outdoors, indoors, industrial, and even underground. On average a construction worker works about 8-12 hours a day, 5 days a week.
The material changes could include fluctuation in material prices, contractor’s financial problems, and selection of unsuitable material or material storage problems (Kazaz,2012). Financial factors include relative importance values. Inflation is the most important factor, which cause material prices fluctuation (Kazaz,2012) .Although cash flow problem caused by the owner ,it directly lead to the main contractor could not gain the monthly progress payments. Equally, inflation and the constant increase of material prices are having a close relationship with another change design material factors. This relationship could be explained by the realities that unsteady inflation making a great influence on material prices. In fact, the one factors in this group indicate budget problems in the project-level, while the others mean financial problems in the country-level(Kazaz,2012) .However, it is evident that overrun-based financial factors in construction basically arise from private owners and public institutions, and lead to time extension, from general contractors . It would also be claimed that a country’s financial atmosphere has secondary effect on the time extension issue of a construction project investment. （Steffens，2007 ）These evidences obviously highlight that a sound time preparation and projection is not caused by the parties in a construction project, and that
The construction industry plays an important role in competitiveness and prosperity of the economy in terms of its significantly contributing to shelter, infrastructure and employment (Anaman and Osei-Amponsah, 2007). A number of researchers have investigated on the vital role of the construction sector to the overall economic growth. In Rhodes’ paper who stated the construction industry in the UK contributed £83.0 billion in economic output in 2012, which accounts for 6% of the total. Also, workforce jobs in the construction industry in UK were 2.03 million in 2012 and 2.12 million in 2013, account 6.4% and 6.5% in total respectively (C. Rhodes, 2013). Oladinrin indicated the significance of construction linkage with the aggregate economy in Nigeria by studying on construction output and Gross Domestic Project (Oladinrin and etc., 2012). A recent report of U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis showed that the GDP value added of construction industry was $652,723 million in 2014, 3.7% of total GDP (http://www.bea.gov/industry/gdpbyind_data.htm). Besides, a report of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics stated the employment by construction industry sector take 4.7%, 3.9% and 4.5% in the year of 2002, 2012 and 2022 respectively (http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_201.htm). The construction industry has been playing an influential role on domestic GDP in China (Zhou and Liu, 2007). A report of National Bureau of Statistics of China
As we realize that Construction is the way toward developing a building or framework. Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations and comes from Latin constructionem (from com- "together" and struere "to pile up") and Old French construction. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry compromises of 6 % to 9 % of the gross domestic product (GDP) of developed countries. Construction begins with planning, design, and financing; and continues until the project is built and ready for use. The Construction Industry is a vital marker of the
Construction is a collaborative activity. By using the knowledge and experience of people we can meet the needs of today and tomorrow. But simply bringing people together and make them work as a team cannot assure effective functioning. They had to undergo a number of training to develop mutual understanding or else problems like lack of support, misguidance, distrust and inadequate participation may occur.
Construction industries are classified largely which comprise of skillful employee and general workers. As opined by Cassidy (2006), these are intrinsically demanding, hazar...
Just as the cell is basic for life, being efficient is the basic factor of all hard workers. This is extremely important, it ties in with the other factors of the hard worker. Bosses look for people who are efficient, people who get the job done the best and fastest way. Efficiency is not only better and faster but it is also cheaper. I worked for a gentleman that always told me "In today’s world it’s better, faster, and cheaper", and I can prove that true today in anything that is done, for example anything that used to be done by people on such as an assembly line was done with human labor, this has now changed to computerized robots. Because it is cheaper to have a robot that only requires a little bit of maintenance now and then compared to a person that has to have benefits, lunch breaks, and other such luxuries.
...ing low cost but reliable alternatives to expensive technology and building a culture for continuous improvement. Secondly, developing a culture that promotes high level of respect and morale, which eventually leads to a healthy work environment. When the work environment is cordial and friendly, all the different stakeholders will also interact with each other and work in a way that is best for the construction industry. Finally, most of the project delivery process should be transformed into Integrated Project Delivery processes so that they involve all the different stakeholders at vital phases of the project. This can form a solid foundation for a project and the chances of errors will be almost minimal or none.
It is common knowledge that in order for an organization to thrive, there must be labor productivity. In conjunction, for the efficiency in companies to be on a high level,
The main important role of the Project Management in the construction industry is to make everyone work towards the same goal that must be aligned with the strategic objectives of the company. One of the most relevant differences between any Project Management and the ones working on the Construction industry is the knowledge and skill in certain areas related to the field, it is essential to have a good understanding of construction methods, materials, scheduling and blueprint reading as well as knowledge in communication and leadership skills. In construction technology plays an important aspect to considered, for a Project Management it is important to be updated in any new technology used by construction companies. (Dykstra, 2011)
The Division of Labor emphasizes individuality along with providing a variety of specific task. Many theorists saw Division of Labor as breaking down task into simpler and assigned that task to certain individuals. The conflict Division of Labor present in modern industrial is hierarchy, competition and division between society and individual. In society, we tend to rank individual from high to low in hierarchy system. We based individual in the society by importance, power and wealth. Competition in Division of labor allows for maximum production and teamwork but creates internal relation in work as well as the individual. The division between industrial society and individual has created repetitive tedious task in which the individual is not aware of their consciousness. Overall, Division of Labor has taken the range of tasks and led it to a hierarchy, competition and separation in society.
Brooke (1997), explains Estimation as the technical procedure of anticipating the value of the project. Building construction estimation is the process of acquiring the construction value for the whole project before the project starts. Thus, construction attaining process depends hugely on financial management to sustain workability and smooth operations. The delay in construction is a global issue which is due to improper preparation of estimates and lack of drawings (Ajanlekoko, 1987). In accordance to Gkritza (2008), the source of delay in a project are identified to be in the initial stages, like bad quantification, errors in design and ground conditions. Thus, the purpose of a proper estimate is to foretell the cost needed to finish the
This paper explores what it takes to be a construction manager and the responsibilities of being a construction manager and the skills that a construction manager should have. It also explores what good construction managers do to have success on their construction projects and the steps that a construction manager must follow to end a project and meet their deadlines at the same
Construction is one of the most dangerous works during this era. The advanced technologies are to be utilized in the construction work but still it is not really safe work. Many of the human beings are now involved in the construction work. It is one of the most typical working fields. Most of the persons who have lack of knowledge, degree and skills join the construction teams in order to earn living. It is said that most of the workers related to the construction industry are not really well educated. This becomes that major cause of their less focus on the work. This proved sometimes very critical condition. One of the most important things in this regard is that workers sometimes not really work with taking great care.