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Cultural relativism
Cultural relativism
Summary of cultural relativism
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As Harry Gensler explains “Cultural Relativism”, he argues that good and bad is determined by society’s beliefs, that is, moral principles are settled by the cultures collective norms of what’s to be good and bad. This means that morality is a build group and therefore the moral codes you clench, are a reflection of the societies codes in which you live. Far, the morals held by your society are non-subjective facts, but preferably, varied from culture to culture. For example, if you believe hunting deer’s is wrong, what you really mean is that your society disapproves of hunting deer’s, or that the majority of the society disapproves with hunting deer’s. However if a different culture believes that hunting deer’s is right, both are factual …show more content…
beliefs qualifying to their society. “There are no objective truths about right or wrong” (Gensler, 1998). Neither broadside is fallacious in their belief, despite the fact they are different beliefs.
Gensler’s first opposition to cultural relativism is that “cultural relativism forces us to conform to society’s norms-or else we contradict ourselves” (Gensler, 1998). If good and any was socially accepted or was the same, then we would never contradict our society or question its worth. Inside cultural relativism, the minority view is automatically wrong, and good is determined by the majority viewpoint. Farther, if society says homicide is socially accepted, then that would mean homicide is good, since according to cultural relativism, what is socially accepted is good. For cultural relativism to be true, you must say and accept that crime is good, or simply reject cultural relativism. Gensler and so criticizes that cultural relativism is ignorant of the reality that everyone belongs to many overlapping subcultures, which frequently feature conflicting values and accepted norms. Cultural relativism fails to address these opposed norms between these societies and subcultures to which we lie in. If neither culture is fallacious, we cannot pick up from our mistakes and progress in order to “correct errors in our own norms” (Gensler, 1998). Gensler then claims that cultural relativism does not lay out with success against non-subjective truths for several
reasons. First, it is doable for “morals to be a product of culture, and still express objective truths” (Gensler, 1998) close to how people should live. Secondly, disregard the info cultures may disagree on a susceptible, if does not mean a truth about that subject does not subsist. And finally, it does not mean moral truths don’t subsist, even if in that respect is no way to determine which indeed moral truths are. He goes on further to say that the objective perspective says that independent of how anyone thinks or feels, some situation are inherently right or wrong. He concludes with the argument that the ability to respect a range of cultural differences doesn’t sort you a cultural relative, but sort of, cultural relativism trust that, “anything that is socially approved must thereby be good” (Gensler, 1998). I expect Gensler’s table arguments for cultural relativism were prosperous. Cultural relativism fails to pay off into account the prospect of sub-cultural groups with conflicting values, and does not let area for falsity of our society’s values. This is most obvious with examples of racialism. For example, just because part of European society believed in exterminating Jewish people, the subculture of Germans who were along Jewish apparently held a different opinion from the Nazis. For cultural relativism, to clench the truth, you must either accept then that exterminating Jews is good, or reject cultural relativism.
There are too many deer in the Wesselman Woods. The deer have eaten all the flowers and other flora. There have also been 8 car crashes involving deer, this imposes a dangerous threat to the civilians of Evansville. The deer have been invading people’s yards and eating their gardens. The deer are causing many problems that can’t be solved until the deer population is reduced.
In Annie Dillard’s narrative, “The Deer at Providencia,” she reveals her awareness of and confusion regarding suffering by paralleling human and animal anguish and dignity. On a trip to Ecuador with a North American group in the village of Providencia, Dillard witnesses the suffering of a small deer. Her lack of reaction to the suffering deer stuns the travelers; however, Dillard intentionally conditions her awareness of suffering by encountering an article about a burn victim daily in America (M.S. 4) Posting the article on her mirror, Dillard strengthens her realistic perception regarding suffering and divulges her confusion regarding the ambiguity, inevitability, and vulnerability of agony for all beings. Recounting[SM2]
When people talk about deer, they are commonly talking about the North American Whitetail. That is because they are so prevalent in this country. They can be found in every state in the US. The only place where you will not find any whitetails is in parts of Arizona and California. In most states the whitetail is very prevalent, especially in the northeast. They are one of the most hunted animals in this area, particularly in Pennsylvania and Michigan. Despite the amount they are hunted, both in and out of season, you can not drive more than a few miles out of the towns without seeing one that was hit by a car. The deer population in this area just keeps growing. It is unclear what should be done to stop the over population of this beautiful creature. Perhaps different hunting seasons or longer seasons are the answer. Possibly we should focus more on the development of birth control for the female deer, or maybe repopulating wolves into the areas where the deer population is too great. Something has to be done.
In “Cultural Relativism”, Harry Gensler criticizes Cultural Relativism and defends what he calls “the objective view” or in other words Moral Realism. To start off, what exactly is Culture Relativism and what does it claim? Cultural Relativism claims that the appropriate or correct way to behave or act is relative to a culture or society in which one stands. Gensler writes, “What is ‘good’ is what is ‘socially approved’ in a given culture” (“Cultural Relativism”, 44). Meaning that an act is only morally acceptable if it is allowed in the society in which it is performed, and is immoral if it's forbidden in the society in which it is performed.
Quality Deer Management There is no other big-game animal in North America like the white-tailed deer. The whitetail habitat is so widespread that it covers just about all of North America and parts of Central America. The white-tailed deer is the most commonly hunted big game animal ever. Before the settlers arrived, an estimated 30 million whitetails inhabited what is now the United States and Canada. But as settlers pursued them for food and market hunters slaughtered them with snares, traps, and set guns, the deer population underwent a disastrous decline.
In its entirety, moral relativism is comprised of the belief that, as members of various and countless cultures, we cannot judge each other’s morality. If this theory stands true, then “we have no basis for judging other cultures or values,” according to Professor McCombs’ Ethics 2. Our moral theories cannot extend throughout cultures, as we do not all share similar values. For instance, the Catholic tradition believes in the sacrament of Reconciliation. This sacrament holds that confessing one’s sins to a priest and
James Rachels' article, "Morality is Not Relative," is incorrect, he provides arguments that cannot logically be applied or have no bearing on the statement of contention. His argument, seems to favor some of the ideas set forth in cultural relativism, but he has issues with other parts that make cultural relativism what it is.
For example: So euthanasia is right for person A if he approves of it, but wrong for person B if she disapproves of it, and the same would go for cultures with similarly diverging views on the subject (13). Cultural relativism seems to many to be a much more plausible doctrine. To many people this is true; supported as it is by a convincing argument and the common conviction that is admirably consistent with social tolerance and understanding in a pluralistic world (Vaughn 15). However, cultural relativism is not the most satisfactory moral theory. ‘“Cultural relativism implies that another common place of moral life illusion moral disagreement, and such inconsistencies hint that there may be something amiss with relativism. It seems it conflicts violently with common sense realities of the moral life. The doctrine implies that each person is morally infallible”’ (Vaughn 14). Rachels states that, “cultural relativism would not only forbid us from criticizing the codes of other societies; it would stop us from criticizing our own” (Rachels 700). However, there are some reasons one may accept relativism and it is because it is a comforting position. It relieves individuals of the burden of serious critical reasoning about morality, and it
Cultural Relativists believe that each society is entitled to their own opinion of what is morally right and wrong . Cultural Relativism is the theory that all moral standards are relative to one’s own culture and society; therefore, universal ethical codes do not exist . The basis of Cultural Relativism on these two principles is unconvincing.
The difference between Subjectivism and Cultural Relativism is that Subjectivism defines moral principles or rules as being rooted in a person’s feelings while Cultural Relativism defines moral principles or rules as being rooted in the beliefs of a particular culture. When speaking about Subjectivism, there are two forms to consider: Simple Subjectivism and Emotivism. Simple Subjectivism means that moral claims are claims of feeling. In other words, a moral claim of right or wrong reflects the individual’s approval or disapproval of a particular moral issue. For example, under the assumption of Simple Subjectivism, when someone says that abortion is morally wrong, they are actually saying that they disapprove of abortion. They are making a claim of feeling that can be true or false.
Ethical relativism states that moral values vary between different cultures and societies. It "A Defense of Ethical Relativism” written by Ruth Benedict, an anthropologist, strived to explain and explore various examples that supported the eligibility of Moral relativism. This paper asked questions such as what is normal and abnormal? How is culture and morals related? When something is considered as normal, does it subsequently also mean that it’s moral?
In explaining Cultural Relativism, it is useful to compare and contrast it with Ethical Relativism. Cultural Relativism is a theory about morality focused on the concept that matters of custom and ethics are not universal in nature but rather are culture specific. Each culture evolves its own unique moral code, separate and apart from any other. Ethical Relativism is also a theory of morality with a view of ethics similarly engaged in understanding how morality comes to be culturally defined. However, the formulation is quite different in that from a wide range of human habits, individual opinions drive the culture toward distinguishing normal “good” habits from abnormal “bad” habits. The takeaway is that both theories share the guiding principle that morality is bounded by culture or society.
Because cultural relativism means that there are moral rules that typically differ from society to society, I have to disagree with what James Rachels is saying throughout this article. The question I pondered upon while reading this article is, how does the universal truth work if each society has a different set of moral codes to follow. I believe there should be such a thing as a universal truth because there needs to be an overall societal order of how one is expected to act. An example in James Rachels article when the universal truth is proven to be invalid because of cultural relativism is when he was discussing infanticide. I had two questions I asked myself while reading this part of the article. The first question was, how is it okay for the Eskimos culture to murder a child under the age of one? The second question I had was, how is it okay to take the life of an innocent child, who has not been able to experience this world? It does not make sense, that in one culture, it is morally right to murder a child under the age of one and on the other hand another culture believes it is morally wrong. The Eskimos believed it was acceptable, whereas the Americans believe infanticide is completely wrong. The community needs to have one set of moral codes for the whole world. This is why I believe cultural relativism is incorrect and universal truths are the
There are different countries and cultures in the world, and as being claimed by cultural relativists, there is no such thing as “objective truth in morality” (Rachels, 2012). Cultural relativists are the people who believe in the Cultural Ethical Relativism, which declares that different cultures value different thing so common ethical truth does not exist. However, philosopher James Rachels argues against this theory due to its lack of invalidity and soundness. He introduced his Geographical Differences Argument to point out several mistakes in the CER theory. Cultural Ethical Relativism is not totally wrong because it guarantees people not to judge others’ cultures; but, Rachels’ viewpoints make a stronger argument that this theory should not be taken so far even though he does not reject it eventually.
In this paper I will argue that cultural relativism is a weak argument. Cultural relativism is the theory that all ethical and moral claims are relative to culture and custom (Rachels, 56). Pertaining to that definition, I will present the idea that cultural relativism is flawed in the sense that it states that there is no universal standard of moral and ethical values. First, I will suggest that cultural relativism underestimates similarities between cultures. Second, I will use the overestimating differences perspective to explain the importance of understanding context, intention and purpose behind an act. Finally, referring to James Rachels’ “The Challenge of Cultural Relativism” I will solidify my argument further using his theory that