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Similarities and differences among theories of personality
The importance, the purpose and functions of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
What are the differences between the theories of personality
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Having a well understanding of mental health theories is what shapes mental health nurses and physicians to treat patients individually. These theories are not used to “focus on a cure, but instead emphasizes living adaptively with chronic mental illness” (Varcarolis, 2017, pg.19). There are many mental health theories to help explain what we as health care professionals can do to help the client become an individual accustomed within society. Both the Humanistic and Interpersonal theories are both a part of the recovery care model to ensure proper functioning of the individual of both their self-acceptance and ability to carry relationships with others. Both theories contain similarity and contrasting ideas, but overall both “theorists believed …show more content…
This theory the individual is responsible for their lives and their actions to have the freedom and willingness to change their attitude and behavior. This theory is the study of the whole person to focus on their positivity and strength individually to develop a stronger sense of self and safety to gain a sense of meaning in their life. According to Maslow, “The needs are placed conceptually on a 5 tier pyramid, with the most basic and important needs on the lower level. The higher levels, the more distinctly human needs, occupy the top sections of the pyramid. According to Maslow, when lower level needs are met, higher level needs are able to emerge” (Varcarolis, 2017, pg.23). This theory is a motivational theory used to explore intrapersonal issues such as, depression, anxiety, and self-acceptance while using therapeutic communication to ensure the best possible …show more content…
He believed that “personality dynamics and disorders were caused primarily by social forces and interpersonal situations and human beings are driven by the need for interaction” (Varcarolis, 2017, pg.20). The Interpersonal theory is what occurs between two or more people with nonverbal and verbal communication with increasing social support system of the individual. This theory can provide insight into the causes and cures of mental disorders. “It is a hands on system which therapists actively guide and challenge maladaptive behaviors and distorted views” (Varcarolis, 2017, pg.22). Harry Sullivan believed that “anxiety is an interpersonal phenomenon brought about by interaction” (Varcarolis, 2017, pg.22). “Interpersonal therapy is unique in that it focuses on one or two specific problem areas and is designed to bring about a rapid reduction in symptoms: Improved relationships, Skills for coping in healthier ways, or Reduction of self-destructive or hostile behaviors (Interpersonal Therapy What Is It, 2015, para.
This is a theory in psychology from 1943 that lists our needs in a hierarchal format and says that the needs of the most basic level must be fulfilled before higher needs are desired. You must meet all your biological and physiological needs before you are concerned about your relationship or esteem needs. Psychologists have criticized this theory throughout the years, for example, Saul McLeod says in his essay explaining Maslow’s Theory, “Personal opinion is always prone to bias, which reduces the validity of any data obtained. Therefore Maslow 's operational definition of self-actualization must not be blindly accepted as scientific fact” (Simple Psychology). Using a theory that has not been rigorously proven weakens the author’s argument. Most readers, however, are not familiar with the theory or it’s controversy, and would take it at face
Interpersonal psychotherapy has its roots in the work of Harry Stack Sullivan, who was the first scholar to draw attention to the effect connections between humans may have on mental illness. Sullivan’s ideas were developed in reaction to his disagreements over Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic view that humans put up boundaries between each other instead of forming strong bonds (Evans, 1996). Unsatisfied with the current therapies, Sullivan developed descriptive psychiatry in the 1930’s that acknowledged the importance of social factors on an individual. Descriptive psychiatry did not have a specific structure, and was therefore more of an ideology to have towards treatment. Also, IPT is ...
According to the National Gang Center, the change is gangs from 2002-2007: +12% in larger cities, +33% in suburban counties, +27% smaller cities and +24% in rural counties (National Youth Gang Center, 2009). The gang problem in the United States of America has been getting worse since the first gang was formed by Irish immigrants in the early 1800s. For low income and areas with high population, gang involvement with youths has also been getting worse. Regarding gang-related homicides, it is for difficult data collection industries to gather correct information because after a murder is committed it must be determined whether the murder is gang-related or not. But despite that, reports of gang-related murders are concentrated mostly in the large cities in the United States of America. Including San Jose, where there are long standing and persistent gang problems, which mean there are a larger number of documented gang members. There are literally thousands of anti-gang advocacy groups because there are so many concerned parents. These groups support politicians who are working to try to create legislation to reduce the gang problem in the United States of America. There are a number of theories on how to combat the gang problem, but a strategy which rarely fails is to take small steps in progress and continue to move forward.. There will never be a perfect solution that solves every aspect of a problem. But one policy that covers a wide range of issues involving gangs is the United States Constitutional bill S.132, “Gang Abatement and Prevention Act of 2009.” It is the most extensive and sophisticated piece of gang legislation to appear in the last decade, it has many objectives on increasing and enhancing law enforcement resources committed to the investigation and prosecution of violent gangs. It has had more supporters from both parties than any anti-gang bill in the last decade. S.132, “The Gang Abatement and Prevention Act of 2009” has the potential to deter and punish violent gang crime, to protect law-abiding citizens and communities from violent criminals, to revise and enhance criminal penalties for violent crimes, to expand and improve gang prevention programs; it will give jobs back to police officers such as those in San Jose who lost their jobs and will help law enforcement indentify gang crimes to be able to put murderers behind bars faster.
Integrative therapeutic model is where a counselor use different therapeutic approaches to fit the needs of an individual client. There is not one single approach that can treat each client in all situations. Each client needs to be considered as a whole and the counseling technique must be tailored to that client needs and personal circumstances. The goal is to enhance the efficiency and applicability of psychotherapy (Corey, 2017). Counselors who are open to the integrative therapeutic approach will find that some theories play a crucial role in their counseling approach (Corey, 2017).
One in five Americans, approximately 60 million people, have a mental illnesses (Muhlbauer, 2002).The recovery model, also referred to as recovery oriented practice, is generally understood to be defined as an approach that supports and emphasizes an individual’s potential for recovery. When discussing recovery in this approach, it is generally seen as a journey that is personal as opposed to having a set outcome. This involves hope, meaning, coping skills, supportive relationships, sense of the self, a secure base, social inclusion and many other factors. There has been an ongoing debate in theory and in practice about what constitutes ‘recovery’ or a recovery model. The major difference that should be recognized between the recovery model and the medical model is as follows: the medical model locates the abnormal behavior within an individual claiming a factor that is assumed to cause the behavior problems whereas, the recovery model tends to place stress on peer support and empowerment (Conrad and Schneider, 2009). This essay will demonstrate that the recovery model has come a long way in theory and practice and therefore, psychological well-being is achievable through this model.
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
As I began to read about his theory this grabbed my attention “a child comes to school without eating breakfast in the morning and must summon the energy to focus to accomplish the same tasks as his peers” (P .45 Maslow’s) How many times have you send your children to school without breakfast because the alarm clock did not go off or you forgot to buy eggs? Maslow’s theory is based on five stages which are physiological (hunger and sleep) describing how well one sleeps and eats is based on your days performance. Safety (security, protection, stability, and freedom from fear and anxiety) consist of how to avoid the struggles of a loved one without hurting each other. Love and belonging needs in this stage they use a mom who is lonely as an example but really when there is a big change in life we have to find a connection in our change to avoid feel this type of way.
Unlike many of his colleagues at the time who were focusing on psychopathology, or what is wrong with individuals, he focused on how individuals are motivated to fulfill their potential and what needs govern their respective behaviors (McLeod)). Maslow developed the hierarchy over time, adjusting from a rigid structure where needs must be met before being able to achieve a higher level, to where the individuals can experience and behave in ways across the hierarchy multiple times daily depending on their needs. The hierarchy is comprised of 5 levels; Physiological, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization. The bottom two levels are considered basic needs, or deficiency needs because once the needs are met they cease to be a driving factor, unlike psychological needs. Loving and Belonging and Esteem needs are considered psychological needs, and are different from basic needs because they don’t stem from a lack of something, but rather the desire to grow. Maslow theorizes that individual’s decisions and behavior are determined based on their current level of needs, and the ideal level to achieve full potential culminates in self-actualization; however, operating on this level cannot be achieved until the preceding levels of needs have been
Mental disorders are dismissed by people today because they are internal. When a person has a cold they cough, when a person has sunburn they turn red or peel, but when a person has a mental disorder they… and that’s where the debate begins. Do mental disorders truly exist? What are the causes? As a result of mental disorders some people exhibit a change in behavior or do things outside of what is status quo. That leads me to my topic - the psychoanalytic approach vs. the humanistic approach. One supports and provides reasoning for mental disorders and specific behavior, while the other states that behavior is based off of personal decisions. Although both the psychoanalytic and the humanistic approaches are well developed theories it is conclusive that the psychoanalytic approach is more useful and instrumental in treating mental disorders.
Maslow created the idea that experiences and feelings directly leads to actions and basic human needs. The simplest example is when you’re hungry, you eat. Or if you are upset you will react in negative ways. Maslow’s psychological theories come from a pyramid of needs. Basic needs, such as air, food and water are placed on bottom while more complex needs, such as self- actualization at the top, or the desire to be the person you want to be.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that includes a five level pyramid of basic human
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow developed a theory of basic human needs: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. His theory suggests that embedded in the very nature of each human being are certain needs that must be attained in order for a person to be whole physically, psychologically, and emotionally. First, there are phys...
Abraham Maslow wrote the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. This theory was based on fulfilling five basic needs: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. Maslow believed that these needs could create internal pressures that could influence the behavior of a person. (Robbins, p.204)
Humanistic approach focuses on human existence, where people have unique qualities that include creativity, freewill or freedom, potential and personal growth. People like Carl Rogers who have brought about person-centred theory and Abraham Maslow who has developed a hierarchy of needs, where he emphasized on self-actualization. There is an evaluation on both Rogers and Maslow theories, on how they are based on their own assumptions and views, and I apply Maslow’s theory of self-actualization into my own personal life.
In the centre of the humanistic approach stands the subjective experience of individuals, the emphasis is that humans rather choose how to behave based on their free will (Derobertis, 2013). The approach rejects that behaviour is bound by past or current circumstances or ruled by uncontrollable forces, but rather believes that humans make decisions regarding their actions based on their own choices and that people are generally good (Glassman & Hadad, 2009). The main dominator of personality development is the self-actualization (Rogers, 1959). The pioneers of the humanistic approach are Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow and George Kelly. Carl Rogers named the person seeking treatment a client and not a patient, he established the client-centred