How Does DNA Affect Human Function?

Humans are very complicated made up of many different parts. All of our parts and systems have to be made significantly different than the billions of humans on the planet while yet performing the same functions. With all the activities that occur in the body simultaneously, the system and their organs must know what they are and what to do. This starts with the genetic material in DNA. All living organisms are made up of cells. Cells make up every tissue of every organ of every organ system in every human being. This is made possible by the DNA locates in every cell’s nucleus. Located in the nucleus, DNA contains the genetic material that makes each cell unique. DNA has three specific qualities: they store information on how to make proteins, they must have stability so that they cannot be changed easily, and lastly, they must be able to change. This may seem contradictory to the second rule, but DNA must be able to adapt to changing environments. This prevents events such as extinction Correspondingly, DNA contains two nucleotides with purine bases and two nucleotides with pyrimidine bases. These nucleotides are labeled adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine(C). These parts come in pairs which forms the double helix shape of DNA. Adenine is always paired with guanine and thymine is always paired

The factors of genetic mutations are mutagens and carcinogens. Author Beatrice Singer quotes “Mutagenesis, whether directly caused by chemicals or as an intrinsic property of nucleic acids, is an inescapable event” (Molecular Biology). This is true because most mutations are induced by nature. Environmental mutagens include ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke while other mutagens include radiation and organic chemicals. Carcinogens are cancer-causing factors. Due to mutations, the pairings of nucleotides in a DNA stand can be rearranged. For example, the base cytosine can now be paired with