Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Academic articles on gender inequality in the australian workplace
Academic articles on gender inequality in the australian workplace
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Introduction:
Australia, a country with total population of approximately 23,456,977 people (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2014) have shown to have an improving economy as the unemployment rate has fallen to 5.8% in March 2014. However, the number of full-time employment decreases by 22,100 whereas part-time employment increases by 48,200 (Australian Associated Press 2014). According to Denise Bradley review, he suggested funding an extra 330,000 graduates by 2020 to meet 40% population for tightening and strengthen the quality control of the future workforce (Slattery, L 2008). According to PC report, early school leavers are most likely to receive a lower pay compared to those of higher education level (McLachlan, R, Gilfillan, G & Gordan, J 2013). Based on that statement, the present research analysis was conducted to investigate whether is there any factual indication that there is a positive relationship between the level of education and the amount of wages earned.
1. Hypothesis:
Does people with a higher income had a higher education level compared to the others who don’t? The issue doesn’t not circulate within the range of only highly educated individual have higher pay compared to those of lower education. Normally in reality, when there is an effect, it does not necessarily have only a specific causation, in fact there might be more.
2. Methodologies:
A field research was conducted and data was collected across individual of different job scope with the following weighing:-
This research outcome is categorized by gender to have a clearer view of the correlation between variables. Firstly, the average wage earned per hour by female respondents is less than $5 compared to the male respondents which is shown in figure 2.1 and 2.2 as females tend to apply for breaks from work and eventually become hard to follow up with male colleagues and get promoted (Berman, J 2014).
Besides that, Refer to table 2.3 and table 2.4 indicates that female is easier to be impacted by age and education level factor compared to male.
Where the previous research focus more on a single factor; therefore, in order to prevent possible issue on multicollinearity, other components that would most likely impact the allocation of wages are also included. Components like the respondents:-
Age
Differs in experience. As the prejudices regarding to age can affect the individuals’ judgments towards certain situation (Acas 2006). It reflects the professionalism of the individual and possibility of getting a promotion.
Ability of speaking variety of languages
For individual entering the workforce in 2014 with a fluent second language is expected to have 10%-15% wage increase as the makes business trading easier (Chau, L 2014).
Rodney K. Smith’s mere opinion of his publication is that children with a higher level are more like to secure a job rather than those with no or little education. His view is upheld by the statistics of bureau that gives a clear statistics of the percentage of the salary earned by students with higher education and that of lower education. This makes his claim more reliable and credible because the bureau of labor and statistics is a reputable institution in the United States that deals with the percentage of people who work in United State. Smith’s own personal anecdote appeals to the feelings of the audience in which it ignites them with feelings of possibility.
Directly, individuals from higher social classes are more likely to have the means to attend more prestigious schools, and are therefore more likely to receive higher educations. Indirectly, individuals who benefit from such higher education are more likely to land prestigious jobs, and in turn, higher salaries. Just as education and social class are closely intertwined, stratification in education contributes to stratification in social class (boundless).
In relation to workplace discrimination, wages rank among the issues that affect working Asian-Americans. According to ChangHwan Kim and Author Sakamoto, Asian Americans earn 8% lower wages compared to their White counterparts. Furthermore, they also found out that education did not significantly improve the wage earning situation for Asian Americans. Asian American males with college degrees still earn a lower wage compared to a White male with a similar level of education. Although the 8% difference may not seem to be much, it is a clear indication that racial discrimination for Asian Americans still exists through wage rates (Charles and Guryan 509).
When President John F. Kennedy signed the Equal Pay Act of 1963 into law, he hoped that it would allow working women to finally earn the same amount of money as men; however, more than half a century later, men continue to out earn women in almost every field of work (Lipman para. 4). Male dominated fields tend to pay more than female dominated fields at similar skill levels. In 2012, women earned an average of $691 per week while men earned an average of $854 per week. Furthermore, the majority of women remain unaware that they are earning less than their male colleagues (Hegewisch para. 1).
The wage gap is expressed as the difference between female and male earnings. As of 2012, women earn 8...
Further data shows that in Woman’s lifetime, she will earn 77% of what a man will earn. However, there are controllable factors, such as job position, race, job industry and other factors, which affect the Gender Pay Gap. For instance, the US Department of Labor found that when such factors were considered, the gap ...
• Experience. Women earn only approximately 30 cents per hour for five additional years of work experience, compared to $1.20 for white men.
Another large sexist factor in the workforce, is that women get paid less than men do for the same exact job. “Women get paid 77 cents on the dollar for every dollar a man makes, according to a recent study from the Institute for Women's Policy Research. That's a difference of more than $10,000 per year on average,”(Berman). Why is this? Some people believe that it is because women gravitate towards low...
Due to various countries initiatives to shrink the wage inequality between men and women wages in the work force, the gap has narrowed, respectively, which may have helped form such opinion. However, stating that the gender pay gap does not exist in today’s society, anywhere, is completely unlikely. Seeing that the gap has loosened its grasp in the working world, in other countries, the gap between pay has widened or remained stagnant. One cannot help but wonder why the gap remains consistent, even with such substantial progress made in countries where the gap has decreased. Reasons as to why gender wage gap exist so heavily, slightly differs from country to country, but the overall effect from the wage disparity is wholly evident.
In addition, women are paid less than men for the same type of work. According to Lean In, Sheryl Sandberg mentions that women were paid fifty-nine cents for every dollar men were paid in 1996, but women protested to raise the compensation to seventy-seven cents (6). This means that even though a woman and a man perform the same work such as an engineer does, both do the same assignments and have the same responsibilities in the technology place, men are paid twenty three cents more than women. Moreover, women suffer from “gender discount” which means women have to pay for being part of the workplace or society ...
Sociology as a disipline tends to view work as a socially constructed neccessity involved in the identification of an individual within society by marking their status and future capabilities (Furze et al. 2013:128). The Industrial Revolution saw implimentation of technilogical advances made in industry to mass produce goods. Starting in the 1780s in Britain the Industrial Revolution paved the way the creation of factories and the working class. This led then proceede into the next phase of evolution, the service sector revolution. The service sector revolution is the increasing number of people participating in the service sector due to the increase in mechanisation of production there has been a decline in employment in the secondary sector thusly the rise of the professional and service sector worker has occurred (Furze et al. 2013:128). Part-time employment has grown rapidly in the past 10 years in Australia increasing from 26.3% of total employment to 29.7% in 2012 (Furze et al. 2013:135). Part-time work has become desirable also to businesses as the market is flooded with people willing to work for a lower wage if it affords them the flexibility in hours. This means therefore that businesses persue part-time workers because they cost less to employ. Students are ergo a rich source of labour because they are willing to accept the trade off of less income for more flexible hours to siut their study timetable (Furze et al. 2013:143). Labour market segregation theory further explains the drive for individuals to seek out a tertiary education in today’s modern society and the drive to up
Another problem women have in the workplace is getting promotions. Woman who have worked for their company for many years, receiving great reviews and employee-of-the-year awards are often filled by less qualified men (Armour, 2008). The next problem women face is unfair pay. The U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics found that women working 41 to 44 hours per week earn 84.6 percent of what men working similar hou...
Gender Inequality at a Workplace Historically, males and females normally assume different kinds of jobs with varying wages in the workplace. These apparent disparities are widely recognized and experienced across the globe, and the most general justification for these differences is that they are the direct outcomes of discrimination or traditional gender beliefs—that women are the caregivers and men are the earners. However, at the turn of the new century, women have revolutionized their roles in the labor market. Specifically in industrialized societies, the social and economic position of women has shifted. Despite the improving participation of women in the labor force and their ameliorating proficiency and qualifications, the labor force is still not so favorable to women.
Despite government regulations to promote equality within the workplace, women’s salaries continue to lag behind males in similar career with similar experiences. According to research performed by Blau & Kahn (2007) “women salaries averaged about 60% of men’s until the 1970s and rose to nearly 80% by the 1990s” (as cited in Bendick, Jr. & Nunes, 2012, p.244). Today, women on average earn approximately $.81 for every dollar that men earn in the United States (Guy and Fenley P.41 2014).
The causes of pay gaps that affect women pays are their backgrounds, their age and their level of education, although the earning