Theoretical Frameworks for Health Interventions The idea of a model is an opportunity to fortify an existing situation. In the public health field, a few models have been improved to enrich the capsule of health interventions. Health models are portrayed as pacifiers to appease an existing health issue. Glanz and Rimer (2012:4) states that, ‘models may draw on a number of theories to help understand a particular problem in a certain setting or context. The Precede - Proceed model denotes as a guiding map for the establishment of effective changes in behaviours. This model conveys its process as a gradual procedure with the intention of gaining efficient outcomes of the health interventions. Therefore, this tool will persist in aiding with health programs and projects. Popoola and Mchunu (2015:69) agree it is a model used to guide the health education process and helps health programme planners, policy makers and evaluators analyse the situation …show more content…
The Precede – Proceed model has the capability to identify the grounds of an existing health situation. This kind of health promotion, also seeks to enlighten its theoretical perspective for a better understanding of the model. Thus, identifying the type of model will provide an unambiguous analysis of the problem. As a result, it is embodied as an explanatory theory. Explanatory theory, ‘describes the reasons why a problem exists. It guides the search for factors that contribute to a problem, and can be changed’ (Glanz and Rimer 2012:5). With the Precede – Proceed model, there are levels that are utilised to address the health issues. These levels are foundational blocks which will assist in the firming of behaviour changes. They include individual, interpersonal and community. Matlo (2012), verifies all three levels of change theories are useful at this
Frieden, T.R. (2010). A Framework for Public health action: The Health impact pyramid. American Journal of Public Health. 100 (4). 590-595. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.185652
In so doing it has created awareness and led to a discussion about the implications of social inequalities on health outcomes of individuals over the years. The theory also provides a broad perspective about disease processes. This has allowed health researcher/professionals to design holistic treatment/care plans that does not only focus on the biomedical disease process but to take other aspects of people’s life into consideration (WHO, 2010).
The Health Belief Model (HBM) comes from the psychological and behavioral theorists. The premise is that there are two parts involved in health related behavior. “People are more inclined to engage in a health behavior when they think doing so can reduce a threat that is likely and would have severe consequences if it occurred.” (Brewer & Rimer, 2008, p. 152). The patient believes that a specific health action will prevent or cure the illness. How the individual responds depends on the perceived benefits and barriers of that health behavior.
Healthcare promotion is primarily based upon the public health and under this the world has changed very rapidly. Prevention against the diseases is the main health care issues and many professionals have derived many possible solutions to it. Application of ecological approaches in targeting the health promotion which is influenced by a number of environmental factors like consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, open access to exercise, good sanitation and hygiene are very strong and persistent. The basis of the ecological system is health behaviors changes, healthcare promotion and the environmental determinants are all interrelated. One of the best ecological model that describes such connections is PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model. According to this and many other ecological models all these approaches foster the behavior changes by targeting the environmental factors which changes the actions and decisions of the people (Green & Kreuter, 2005).
The health belief model (HBM) is a psychosocial model that was developed during the 1950’s by social psychologists of the U.S public health services, and this model was used to explain why people failed to participate in disease prevention and detection programs. The theory is one of the most health behavior theories, which is used to explain behavior change and maintenances, but often times used to predict behavior outcome (Glanze, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002).
Final advantage is that it challenges the notion that health is solely an individual?s responsibility. For improvements to be made in health, the individual has to take full responsibility and to agree that they are to be blamed for their poor health levels. Through influences of social constructs the individual should make informed decisions regarding their health and should be more motivated to facilitate change.
This model was put in place to avoid health problems. Some people are more likely to take action towards their health if they feel threatened. An example can be an obese lady who might be at risk of suffering from a heart attack, she is likely to go to her GP and seek for help as having a heart attack can lead to death, and if she gets help, and her health will be less damaged. In order to help her the GP would refer her to a nutritionist which will help her maintain a healthier diet, even more the professionals from the GP would explain the side effects of what can happen if she doesn’t get healthier. The health care professional will also encourage the lady to start doing physical activities to avoid other diseases such as heart diseases or if she has a heart disease, it helps her avoid having a heart attack.
This essay which will identify the five approaches with health promotion. It will focus on two approaches for the sake of this essay. These approaches will be defined and show how it could be used to tackle a life style behaviour using the Beattie’s model. The Beattie’s model is one of the several models health promoters use as a guide to direct the intervention mode and strategy which is suitable for any particular problem. This model will be used to identify the location of each of the two approaches, highlighting role of the health promoter in each approach, as well as discuss policies and ethical issues which are associated with each approach. Furthermore the essay will cover the values of each approach while it emphasis the need for health promoters to consider the effectiveness of a model to ensure suitability for any presented problem.
The health behavior theories are designed to understand habits of human actions in which enable health professionals to focus on assessing means to promote positive behavioral changes (Glanz, Rimer, & Viswanath, 2015). The ability to understand certain factors in human behavior, such as how they think, where they live, what they need, and why people do what they do are all the necessary information to consider when desiring to improve behavior health. The absence of behavior theories across intervention studies will not be able to explain many of the actions of people, which will defer ceasing an epidemic of diseases like HIV. Therefore, Health Belief Model (HBM) and Transtheoretical Model (TTM) are constructed to address health behavioral changes and the level
As discussed, it is clear that when it comes to public health the lines are often quite blurred. The Biomedical Model and the Lifestyle Theory Model both have their advantages however a common theme throughout both models is that they are both too reductionist in their approach to health. They failed to consider other health models viewpoints, or incorporate external factors such as the social gradient into their reasoning behind the cause and effect of bad health. Therefore instead of trying to categorise health into definite ‘health models’, health needs to be accepted more for what it is - a forever changing and adapting concept.
Population health can be defined as, health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group. Under the topic of population health, interventions can be examined. Population-level health interventions are policies or programs that shift the distribution of health risk by addressing the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions (Hawe &Potvin, 2009). Care management is a patient centered approach that is designed to assist patients and their support systems managing their medical conditions but can be very expensive for a hospital to provide. Hospital administrators need to prioritize and know where to provide their resources for the best results in their organization. Health intervention
Behavior is an important keyword when discussing health promotion theories because lifestyle modification requires a change in beliefs and attitude. Many health promotion theories explain how behavior can enhance or deter a patients progress in health related activities. Nola Pender, a nursing theorist and educator, has developed the Health Promotion Model (HPM). The three main parts of the HPM ar...
... wants their patients to start eating healthier it could help give them ideas on how to change their patient’s intentions. The health care provider could help the patient realize that the important people in their life want them to eat healthy, and this could help change their behavior. They could educate them on the effects of eating healthier and ultimately change their attitude about eating healthy. For example, the patient does not have to cut junk food out completely; they just have to eat it in moderation. This is just one situation were the theories could help in the health care field. There are many other ways these theories are useful. It is important to understand these theories in order to understand that behavior is affected by someone’s intentions. This makes it easier to understand what affects a person’s intentions and how they can be changed.
The social model focus is on policies, education and health promotion and goes beyond the focus of lifestyles and behaviour and accepts the need for social change to provide prerequisites for health. It was developed in the late 1970’s 1980’s as some members of the community were not experiencing the same levels of health as others despite the understanding of the impact of lifestyle and behaviours on health.
The first grant proposal addressed the effects of meditation on life-span cognitional developmental processes. From my understanding, there is a strong connection to the mindset and self-awareness, as one chooses to mediate for their own reason. Based on the informed information, meditation is used to decrease stress and maintain a healthy lifestyle. The provided background information and predicted research study will help determine the pros and cons of the process, using the meditation techniques.