There are many different models and theories that are in Health behaviors. Ecological Models,The Health Belief Model, Relapse Prevention Model, Stages of Change Model (Transtheoretical Model), Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior. According to .... The core concept of an ecological model is that behavior has multiple levels of influences, often including intrapersonal (biological, psychological), interpersonal (social, cultural), organizational, community, physical environmental, and policy. University of Twente says that The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors. The RP model. proposed by Marlatt and Gordon suggests that both immediate determinants (e.g., high-risk. situations, coping skills, outcome expectancies, …show more content…
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is an interpersonal level theory developed by Albert Bandura that emphasizes the dynamic interaction between people (personal factors), their behavior, and their environments. This interaction is demonstrated by the construct called Reciprocal Determinism. In psychology, the theory of planned behavior (abbreviated TPB) is a theory that links beliefs and behavior. The concept was proposed by Icek Ajzen to improve on the predictive power of the theory of reasoned action by including perceived behavioural control. I believe that the Health Belief Model is the most effective health model/theory. One of the first models for health behaviors the health belief model was created in the 1950s to understand the widespread failures of the screening for tuberculosis. Now it is used to understand symptoms of disease, willingness with medical regimens, lifestyle behaviors and behaviors related to chronic illnesses. It is also used to develop inventions to help change health-related
DiClemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2013). Health Behavior Theory for Public Health: Principles, Foundations, and Applications. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning
In this essay, I will be using the understanding of two psycho-social theories, the theory of planned behavior and the health belief model, and the professional ethics to explain how it can lead to the development of concordant medicines-taking behavior in Amira Masood. Concordant is which doctor, pharmacist and patient agree therapeutic decisions that including their respective opinions, to a deeper understanding which extends from prescribing communication to patient support in medicine taking. (1) I will be also discussing the issues of consent and confidentiality arising in the case. The health belief model is comprising by four basic beliefs.
The Health Belief Model (HBM) comes from the psychological and behavioral theorists. The premise is that there are two parts involved in health related behavior. “People are more inclined to engage in a health behavior when they think doing so can reduce a threat that is likely and would have severe consequences if it occurred.” (Brewer & Rimer, 2008, p. 152). The patient believes that a specific health action will prevent or cure the illness. How the individual responds depends on the perceived benefits and barriers of that health behavior.
Our personal beliefs influence our health behavior either positively or negatively. Health beliefs have been linked to uptake and have been measured using a number of models. For example, Bish et al. (2000) used the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict uptake of a routine cervical smear test.
Aim of this paper is to examine and present the application of social cognition models in the prediction and alternation of health behavior. Social cognition models are used in health practices in order to prevent illness or even improve the health state of the individuals in interest, and protect their possibly current healthy state. This essay is an evaluation of the social cognition models when used to health behaviors. Unfortunately it is impossible to discuss extensively all the models and for this reason we will analyze three of the most representative cognitive models to present an integrated idea of their application.
The health belief model (HBM) is a psychosocial model that was developed during the 1950’s by social psychologists of the U.S public health services, and this model was used to explain why people failed to participate in disease prevention and detection programs. The theory is one of the most health behavior theories, which is used to explain behavior change and maintenances, but often times used to predict behavior outcome (Glanze, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002).
The model that I think best coincides with my definition is the Health Protection/ Promotion Model. This model assists people to recover following threats to health, and to achieve the highest level of health possible. Health promotion model believes that leisure, particularly perceived freedom, intrinsic motivation, and self-determination are key factors in health. This model has a humanistic perspective which means that it views people as capable of change and responsible for their health. It emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization and creativity. The health promotion model concentrates on the purposeful nature of therapeutic recreation, perceived control and freedom, and self-determination. It views actualization tendencies as a means to stimulate growth and movement to wellness. Wellness occurs when a person’s physical, psychological, and environmental functioning leads to self-actualization. It believes health is an intricate state in which individuals are coping with change and growing and developing. This model uses perspective activities as well as recreation and leisure to promote and protect the health of others. Perspective refers to a person 's outlook or way of viewing something. When using this technique, they provide them with a simple definition and explanation then further
Accomplishing my task appeared straightforward when applying my attitudes, perceived control, and subjective norms to the Theory of Planned Behavior; initially I had all necessary aspects to initiate a lifestyle change. Before starting my regiment I had the belief that regular running leads to decreased weight and improves overall health. Health and appropriate body size are both characteristics I evaluate as desirable. Subjective cultural norms highlighting the value of appropriate weight, active lifestyle, and overall health influenced my motivation to comply to these standards. In this way beliefs as well as evaluations of the beliefs influenced my motivation to start running. Additionally my perception of behavioral control and sense of self-efficacy are generally high. Since I accomplished similar goals in the past I felt it could be done again. My attitudes, subjective norms, and my perceived control indicate I had the behavioral intention to make the change to run more frequently.
Lets make it quite clear that change doesn’t happen overnight nor is it ever a process easy. To make a proper and healthy life-style behavior change, you must be dedicated to put in the time and effort that’s necessary for accomplish any goal. When I first began to become engage in exercising and becoming more physically fit I found that the Health Belief Model and the Social Cognitive Theory demonstrated the progression that I have made throughout my change. To begin you do not need to try and follow through the steps provided in any given model or a theory, the reasoning behind that statement is that everyone is different so our stages of change will all differ from one another. For me, once I decided that I wanted to begin attending group-fitness classes I found that through the Health Belief Model I had to understand the perceived benefits of my change, I had to
... wants their patients to start eating healthier it could help give them ideas on how to change their patient’s intentions. The health care provider could help the patient realize that the important people in their life want them to eat healthy, and this could help change their behavior. They could educate them on the effects of eating healthier and ultimately change their attitude about eating healthy. For example, the patient does not have to cut junk food out completely; they just have to eat it in moderation. This is just one situation were the theories could help in the health care field. There are many other ways these theories are useful. It is important to understand these theories in order to understand that behavior is affected by someone’s intentions. This makes it easier to understand what affects a person’s intentions and how they can be changed.
The literature uses information from many psychological theories to address the way in which programs are being implemented and the multiple consequences of such programs. One popular theory used was social cognitive theory to explain the way in which programs should be developed in order to have an actual effect on the behavior of participants (Tettey, Duran, Anderson, Washington, & Boutin-Foster, 2016). The social ecological model was also referenced in explaining the ties a church has within a community and the levels of which their influence may spread to. It was also used to explain how individuals are affected by their surroundings and creating programs which target multiple levels (Campbell et al., 2007). The health belief model was used to attempt to predict health behaviors of participants as well as what would predict participants acquiring new health behaviors (Campbell et al., 2007).
Health promotion is the process of improving health status of a person and prevention of disease by enabling the person to take control of their health. It is not just the absence of disease (Maben, & Clark, 1995). Health promotion is commonly used term in health care world, and in current society the promotion of health has greater significance, especially with the rise in consumerism. Health promotion is a vital concept for nursing, symbolizing notions that nursing is related today. Nurses are being urged to take a health promotion role, and are deemed by others as an ideal role for them. It is therefore crucial that nurses cognize the meaning of health promotion and also what is expected from them by undertaking this
For this program the Health Belief Model theory is a good fit because the Health Belief Model is based on the understanding that a participant will take a health-related action for example (use condoms) if that person feels that a negative health condition can be
According to the Social Cognitive Theory, changing a behavior is a function of individual characteristics: a person’s sense of self efficacy about the new behavior, their confidence and overcoming barriers. The person’s behavioral capability, expectations and expectancies, their level of self-control and emotional coping ability; environmental factors: the social and physical environment surrounding individuals. The behavior of others (“modeling”) and the consequences of that behavior, which result in vicarious learning. The situation in which the behavior takes place, and perceptions of the situation by individuals. Reinforcements (negative or positive) that are given to individuals in response to the behavior; the interactive process of reciprocal determinism where a person acts based on individual factors and social/environmental cues, receives a response from that environment, adjust behavior, acts again and so on (Edberg, 2015). Ensuring that patients receive social skills training, self-efficacy boost, an educational component and vicarious learning is in alignment with the social cognitive theory. Unfortunately, there are certain regions that suffer from health and socioeconomic disparities that lead to extraordinarily poor health outcomes that would benefit from the implementation of the social cognitive
Health psychology is a relatively new concept rapidly growing and could be defined as the biological and psychological influences affect ones behaviour also bringing in social influences of health and illness (MacDonald, 2013). Biological determinants consider genetic and biological factors of an illness whereas psychological determinants focus on the psychological factors such as why people behave the way they do when dealing with issues such as anxiety and stress. Models such as the Health Belief Model and Locus of Control were developed in attempt to try and explain psychological issues around a chronic illness such as breast cancer (Ogden, 2012). Sociological factors can cause an enormous amount of pressure for one to behave in a certain way for example gender roles in society and religious considerations when dealing with health beliefs. Health Beliefs can be defined as one’s own perception to their own personal health and illness and health behaviours (Ogden, 2012). There are also theories and models used to explain pain and coping with diagnosis such as Moos and Schaefer (1984) Crisis theory and Shontz (1975) cycle of grief people go through when being diagnosed with a serious illness.