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Papers on the health belief model
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON health belief model
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ON health belief model
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1. Describe the Health Beliefs Model.
The Health Beliefs model is a psychological health behavioral change once individuals realized the danger or possible outcome of a medical condition.
What are its key features?
• Believe they are susceptible to the condition (perceived susceptibility)
• Believe the condition has serious consequences (perceived severity)
• Believe taking action would reduce their susceptibility to the condition or its severity (perceived benefits)
• Believe costs of taking action (perceived barriers) are outweighed by the benefits
• Are exposed to factors that prompt action (cue to action)
• Are confident in their ability to successfully perform an action (self-efficacy)
Identify a medical condition that applies
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Describe the Theory of Planned Behavior. What are its key features?
According to this model, behavioral intention is influenced by a person’s attitude toward performing a behavior, and by beliefs about whether individuals who are important to the person approve or disapprove of the behavior. This type of behavior is of a person who has his/her mind set and that no one could influence their way of thinking; not even important people in his/her life.
Key
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• Attitude- personal evaluation of the behavior.
• Subjective norm- beliefs about whether key people approve or disapprove of the behavior.
• Perceived behavioral control- belief that one has and can exercise control over performing the behavior. Identify a medical condition that applies best to this model – Why
A condition that best fit this theory is planned parenthood
4. Describe the Social Cognitive Theory. What are its key features?
This theory is the opposite of planned behavior. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) describes a dynamic, ongoing process in which personal factors, environmental factors, and human behavior exert influence upon each other. Meaning that the environment can influence people’s beliefs towards certain behavior.
Key features: Reciprocal determinism- the ongoing interaction of the person, behavior and the environment Behavioral Capability- knowledge and skill to perform a given behavior Expectation- Anticipated outcomes of a behavior Self- efficacy- confidences in one’s ability to either overcome barriers or give up Observational learning- Behavioral acquisition that occurs by watching the action and outcomes of other
It indicated that people will carry out a health-related action if they have the perception
The cognitive theory is a research-based theory because it tends to investigate human behavior through making observations and thought analysis. Other issues under the cognitive theory are social and learning theories that are founded on the assumptions that humans make decisions based on logical evaluation of ideas. One of the strengths of the theory is its recognition of humans as logical beings. It rejects behaviorism because the theory does not recognize the importance of logic in human reasoning. The role of therapists is to develop positive reasoning and promote logical thinking in the client.
The health belief model (HBM) is a psychosocial model that was developed during the 1950’s by social psychologists of the U.S public health services, and this model was used to explain why people failed to participate in disease prevention and detection programs. The theory is one of the most health behavior theories, which is used to explain behavior change and maintenances, but often times used to predict behavior outcome (Glanze, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002).
Even more the health belief model links to the Change4Life campaign , as it helps and demonstrates individuals the benefits of their health and the positive outcomes of being active and eating healthy. The Change4Life campaign discusses about physical activity and how individuals can change their life in a healthier one. For example, there are physical activities in different areas run by the Change4Life campaign, which tend to help individuals to keep fit and have a good diet. The Change4Life campaign website offers advice online as well as through different ranges of mass
Social cognitive theory (SCT) involves four key components: reciprocal interaction, enacting learning, vicarious learning, and modeling. Despite Ann, the English teacher in the video, may not know what SCT is, she does apply the theory to her teaching strategy.
I did not choose the social cognitive theory because it fails to allow for the possibility that a person could be affected by someone’s actions other than imitating said actions. I believe that it is possible for a person to specifically not imitate another person’s actions based on prior experience or development. I also did not choose the ethological theory because of the fact that the research that this theory is based upon was done on animals and not actual humans. Doing the research based on humans might change the outcome based on the developmental differences between humans and
This theory was developed by Robert W. Lent, Steven D. Brown, and Gail Hackett in 1994, SCCT is based on Albert Bandura’s general social cognitive theory, which is an influential theory of cognitive and motivational processes that has been extended to the study of many areas of psychosocial functioning,
Behaviorism is a theory that states that humans and animals can be explained in terms of their behavior without reference to their thoughts and feelings. How a person behaves tells us about the person and thoughts and feelings are meaningless without outward expression. There are two kinds of behaviorism that I will discuss in this essay, Psychological Behaviorism and Logical Behaviorism.
Social cognitive theory of learning is a theoretical perspective that focuses on learning by observing others and eventually assuming control over one’s own behavior (Ormrod, 2011, p.323). Social cognitive theory is a perspective that helps us understand about learning by observing other people doing the same thing. This theory is a blend of behaviorism and cognitive psychology (Ormrod, 2011). Behaviorism theory relates to learning as a stimulus- response relationship and suggests that learning involves a behavior change whereas according to social cognitive theory learning is an internal process that may or may not lead to a behavior change. For example one might attempt to ride a bicycle as soon as they learn to ride the bicycle but learning how to put air in the bike may not be needed until the bicycle need air.
Behaviorism is an approach to psychology based on the proposition that behavior can be researched scientifically without recourse to inner mental states. It is a form of materialism, denying any independent significance for mind. Its significance for psychological treatment has been profound, making it one of the pillars of pharmacological therapy. One of the assumptions of behaviorist thought is that free will is illusory, and that all behavior is determined by the environment either through association or reinforcement.
This theory is adapted by an induvial by watching others. I’ve learned pretty much everything through my friends and family to not know how to fully think on my own yet. Cognitive-Social Theory focuses on Albert Bandura's two main points of Reciprocal determinism and Self-efficacy. Reciprocal determinism is when our personality is shaped by interaction among cognitive factors, behavior, and environment. This can happen in three ways by: our friends influencing us, how we interpret and react to events, and situations to which we interact. I am totally deceptible of peer pressure and easily influenced, coming to a new school and new friends influenced a lot of my decisions. My new friends influenced my clothing choice to a more “preppy” expensive style. I started to listen to country music, care about makeup, and became a lot more girly due to my fashionable down-to-earth friends of mine. Also, our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events. Because I tend to very anxious, I help sometimes my situations with a lot of high stress because I get very stressed out quickly. Lastly, our personalities help create situations to which we interact, we often treat others on how they treat us by teaching them how to treat us. Because we usually learn how to treat other by how we’re acting, this should always be a common reminder for us to observe how we are behaving. While Self-efficacy is a person's
Health psychology is a relatively new concept rapidly growing and could be defined as the biological and psychological influences affect ones behaviour also bringing in social influences of health and illness (MacDonald, 2013). Biological determinants consider genetic and biological factors of an illness whereas psychological determinants focus on the psychological factors such as why people behave the way they do when dealing with issues such as anxiety and stress. Models such as the Health Belief Model and Locus of Control were developed in attempt to try and explain psychological issues around a chronic illness such as breast cancer (Ogden, 2012). Sociological factors can cause an enormous amount of pressure for one to behave in a certain way for example gender roles in society and religious considerations when dealing with health beliefs. Health Beliefs can be defined as one’s own perception to their own personal health and illness and health behaviours (Ogden, 2012). There are also theories and models used to explain pain and coping with diagnosis such as Moos and Schaefer (1984) Crisis theory and Shontz (1975) cycle of grief people go through when being diagnosed with a serious illness.
This is largely influenced by their previous experience. People will behave accordingly as the situation changes. For example a person will develop a time system in which he knows the office will be closed at 5 pm. This is what he learned from working there every day and it’s unlikely to change because of his own action. This person will not, therefore, go to work at night because he knows the office will not be open. The last expectancy is self-efficacy expectancy. This one states we will behave according to our expectation on whether we will have ability to carry out a certain action. So say if a person knows that he is feared of heights, he will not be joining any sky dive club because he knows he will not be able to accomplish the
Social cognitive theory is the study on how an individual stores, processes, and applies information about others in their everyday life. It was first known as the “Social Learning Theory”, and was later changed to the term known today as the “Social Cognitive Theory”. The definition of social cognition is defined as any cognitive process that involves one or more than one person. While the definition of cognition is unconscious process in the brain that bring about representations. Social cognition purpose is to study social knowledge, social structure, group behavior, social influences, social categories (age, race, sex) defines a person. (Science Direct) Social cognition is thought to be the outcome of social interactions. One will learn by observing others, this is known as vicarious learning. For example, one is more likely to follow another’s behavior if they can identify with them, whether it be personality wise, age proximity, and more. (Verywell)
This model benefits the individual as it educated in other to be able to prevent the disease/illness so they can live a healthier lifestyle.