Futura
Futura is a highly popular font that is widely used across the world. It was even used out of this world – the first type to be used on the moon.
The origin of this font can be traced back to the 1920’s when a German typeface designer, Paul Renner, created it. A German professor of the Bauhaus school, Jakob Erbar created the first geometric sans-serif typeface. It was designed for pure functionality, which was based on a circle, square and triangle. After this, Renner decided to improve on the typeface and improved it to be the font we know today.
Renner was born in 1878, and grew up in Wernigerode, Germany. He was a teacher, graphic designer, type designer and author. In 1926 he was a director at Munich’s Graphic Arts College, Later in 1927 he went on to become the director of the Munich Master Printers in 1927. He then wrote a book called Typography as Art in1922, he also wrote cultural Bolshevism in 1932.The Cultural Bolshevism later caused him dismissal from his directorship, because of the National Socialist Party. In his early studies Renner went on to explore different aspects of letterform that varied from the traditional roman form.
Two debates formed in German design around this time; tradition versus modernity. “Black-letter” or “gothic” letter was used only in Germany for the first half of the 20th century. Later the debate came between Gothic and roman type, this was an important debate for Renner as well as other artists of the applied arts. The second debate was on the most important aspect of the era, technology. Technology was highly influential from everywhere around the world. At first Renner was at the conservative side of the debate, but later Renner slowly moved towards the idea of roman type, tec...
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...nd; engraved in Futura. The fact that Futura was the first font on the moon instantly made it a very highly sought after, and most used font. The reason Futura was chosen to be used for the plaque is because of its crisp, geometrically derived letterforms. “Futura speaks in a clear and calm voice of an exciting modern age”(Typewriting,[sa]).
At the end of August 2009 a Swedish company selling ready to assemble furniture and home accessories, switched from Futura to Verdana. Companies changing fonts isn’t usually a big deal, but when the company made the switch the people noticed. The changes took place in all the catalogues and in store signs, which made people quite furious, as most of the people didn’t like the new change. There were complaints posted online form various customers, it was even mentioned with rudeness in newspapers and even on BBC radio.
Born in Haag, Austria, in 1900, Herbert Bayer grew up in the period of the fast changing environment and technologically revolutionary years. After serving in the Austrian Army, he started studying architecture under Professor Schmidthammer in Linz, but in 1921, he enrolled as a student at the Bauhaus in Weimar, where he studied mural painting with Wassily Kandinsky. Bayer was later appointed by Walter Gropius to head the first printing and advertising workshop in Dessau. “Under Bayer’s charge, the newly installed workshop developed into a professional studio for graphic design and commercial art. The study of the communicative potential of letterforms and typographic layout was part of a basic curriculum in the mechanics of visual education. Such innovations as the elimination of capital letters, and the replacement of the archaic Gothic alphabet used in German printing by a modern “cosmopolitan” font, and the concept of composition based on strong geometrical elements and expressive values of colors, testify to a move away from individually handcrafted and traditionally shaped goods towards objects meeting functional requirements suitabl...
Cuneiform was the first ever form of writing. The Sumerians were the main inventors of this writing. The symbol as we know them now consist of lines and wedges. One of the
Gabriel Faure was a French Romantic Composer, pianist, teacher and an organist. He was a very influential composer and his style of composition influenced many of the 20th century composers. He was one of the most prominent French composers of his era. Faure was known as one of the French master of the art song. He was awarded a scholarship to École de Musique Classique et Religieuse. His tutors respectively included; Clément Loret, Louis Dietsch, Xavier Wackenthaler, Saint-Saëns and Niedermeyer. Faure took up the post of an organist at the church of Saint-Sauveur at Rennes in Brittany. After the Franco-Prussian war Faure left France and took up teaching in Switzerland.
As time passed, the Elder Futhark Symbols changed into a more easier writing script style.
To begin, Johannes Gutenberg was born 1395, in Mainz, Germany. He started experimenting with printing by 1438. He obtained backing in 1450 from the financier Johann Fust, whose impatience and other factors led to Gutenberg's loss of his establishment to Fust in 1455. Gutenberg's masterpiece, and the first book ever printed from movable type, is the “Forty-Two-Line” Bible, completed no later than 1455" (http://www.biography.com)". The first most important consequence of the printing press is that it chang...
By being educated at a young age in literacy, I included it in my pottery and also working for newspaper companies strengthened my form of expression. Working in the South Carolina Republican and then later on The Edgefield Hive as a typesetter, it was a good experience helping my literacy skills but I didn’t feel fully indulged. I did it because I had to but also to learn. By understand typography, I was able to understand the science of the anatomy of type. They taught me the use of size, spacing, and placement of typography in order to show hierarchy, direction and attraction. I became to understanding that type is a collective of shapes and strokes. Master Abner 's newspaper did not get a lot of publicity and hit a crisis, which led him to cease publication of the newspapers. Master Abner then moved to Columbia, South Carolina, in 1832. He decided to leave me back in Edgefield and...
In “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop, the narrator attempts to understand the relationship between humans and nature and finds herself concluding that they are intertwined due to humans’ underlying need to take away from nature, whether through the act of poetic imagination or through the exploitation and contamination of nature. Bishop’s view of nature changes from one where it is an unknown, mysterious, and fearful presence that is antagonistic, to one that characterizes nature as being resilient when faced against harm and often victimized by people. Mary Oliver’s poem also titled “The Fish” offers a response to Bishop’s idea that people are harming nature, by providing another reason as to why people are harming nature, which is due to how people are unable to view nature as something that exists and goes beyond the purpose of serving human needs and offers a different interpretation of the relationship between man and nature. Oliver believes that nature serves as subsidence for humans, both physically and spiritually. Unlike Bishop who finds peace through understanding her role in nature’s plight and acceptance at the merging between the natural and human worlds, Oliver finds that through the literal act of consuming nature can she obtain a form of empowerment that allows her to become one with nature.
Adobe Garamond was produced with a latter approach, thus the design process for Adobe Garamond took over a year’s period of time, and known as Adobe’s first revival. Slimbach started studying Garamond samples food in books. As well as the well-known Egenolff-Berner specimen sheet of 1592 displaying, a number of Garamond’s and chose size (approximately 18 points) as the primary model for the roman design. Working from available Garamond specimens he made a set of trail drawings that would be digitized and would be made into a working font. The trail font was than reviewed by the Adobe Type Advisory Board, which included the late designer and type historian Steven Harvard
Sokel, Walter H. The Writer in Extremis, Expressionism in Twentieth-Century German Literature. 1st ed. California: Stanford University Press, 1969.
Universal Studio’s have had 11 developments of their logo in-between 1914 and 2013. The first five of which are very rare to find. The first logo used between 1914 and 1919 shows a Saturn like shape, with ‘Universal’ written in the top half of the circle, ‘Films’ in the bottom half, ‘Trademark’ in very s...
He tried to, “make use of the experience and stylistic developments of the 20th century in order to work out an independent alphabet meeting modern typographical needs”("Type Gallery – Avenir"). This typeface is described as a geometric sans-serif typeface with a human touch. It is not completely geometric because it has thicker vertical strokes than its horizontal counterparts, as well as shortened accender’s. The x-height is also taller than other typefaces, which some consider to be a strength. Also the letter o in this typeface is very distinctive, as it is not a perfect circle. There are three weights that come with this typeface, as well as a roman and oblique version, but no italic version. What makes this typeface so unique is that each variation is designed for a different purpose, creating versatility. For example, “the Light and Book weights are similar, but Book is most appropriate for text blocks while the Light is better for adding a contrasting element (perhaps a heading) to a heavier weight. These weight selections also allow for optimal results under varied printing conditions”(Blake). Avenir’s characteristics and appearance make it great for using in texts and headlines and effective
Wölfflin, Heinrich. Principles of art history: The problem of the development of style in later art. Courier Dover Publications, 1950.
In the following essay I will discuss how the Bauhaus changed the way design was thought forever. Educators such as Johannes Itten, Gerhard Marcks and Hannes Meyers were significant in the shaping of the Bauhaus’s education system. Although their attitudes towards education differed, they worked together to bring a change to the world. I will also discuss the graduates; Josef Albers and Annie Albers, their work and how the Bauhaus influenced them.
A leader in the renewed attempt of art as science was Hippolyte Taine, who proposed that styles of art should be studied in the same way as plants are studied by botanists, and are subject to the same evolutionary development. At the same time in Germany, the name Kunstwissenschaft was applied to the historical writings of Semper, Fiedler, Burckhardt, and Riegl. In their writings, they strove for neutrality in comparative analysis i...
special type of ink. It does not back gold like it use to. In the future, we