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Effects of stress in an individual
About stress
Effects of stress in an individual
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The human body has developed a pain response in order to avoid injury. For example, if an individual were to place their hand on a hot oven, the excruciating pain would signal the nervous system to move the hand immediately before experiencing irreversible damage. Whenever an injury cannot be avoided, however, it activates a series of mechanisms to repair the organism. Evidence of these systems comes from blood platelets that clot wounds to prevent bleeding out. Some cells cause inflammation of the tissue, which raises the temperature of the injured area and is adaptive because it prevents pathogens from entering and spreading into the host. The area of injured tissue also remains very sensitive to pain in order to avoid any type of stimuli …show more content…
In order to comprehend the adaptive purposes they serve, one must first understand the term coined by Walter Cannon as the ‘’fight or flight response’’ in 1929 which describes changes in an organisms physiology and hormone production in order to survive; whether it is by standing ones ground or by running away. This response creates a lot of anxiety and stress that can be considered good, especially for survival. Anxiety and stress operate just as a smoke detector would and usually trigger false alarms. The cost of these false alarms does not outweigh the benefit of surviving in case it was not a false alarm. This clarifies the fact that anxiety and stress are adaptive responses, even if they produce discomfort and linger around when triggering false alarms. After all, evolution does not care about one’s comfort; rather, it is only concerned with one’s fitness. It is maladaptive at times to reduce all this free floating anxiety and stress; this is evident when looking at individuals who take anti-anxiety medications. These individuals are more likely to act on impulses that would have been prevented by anxiety, but are now putting themselves in harm’s way in order to reduce the uneasy
What is the physiologic mechanism causing the wound to become red, hot, swollen, and painful?How is this different than the inflammatory response that might occur in an internal organ?
Adrenaline and glucocorticoids are critical to survival. Animals’ stress responses turn off after escaping from life-threatening situations. However, humans’ stress response come from a psychological state of fear or threat. We are often stressed out due to traffic, increasing taxes, instead of actual life-or-death situations. What’s worse, we are stressed constantly. Since we cannot
What exactly is pain? According to Webster's dictionary, pain is "physical suffering typically from injury or illness; a distressing sensation in a part of the body; severe mental or emotional distress". Most everyone reading this paper has experienced some form of physical pain at some point during their lives; most everyone has even experienced the common daily pains such as stubbing our toe as we walk through the living room, accidentally biting our tongue as we chew, and having the afternoon headache after a long day of work. No matter the fact that it is unpleasant, pain has a very important role in telling the body that something is not right and leading to behavior that will remove the body from a source of potential injury. Imagine if we could not experience pain. We would not be able to change our behavior in any way when touching the burning hot dish in the oven, resulting in potentially serious burns. We could not recognize that perhaps we twisted an ankle when walking down the stairs, thus continued walking on that foot would exacerbate the injury to the point of not being able to walk at all. Indeed, pain is not pleasant, but in many cases it is an important way for our nervous system to learn from and react to the environment.
Alice Park’s article in TIME Magazine, entitled “The Two Faces of Anxiety”, outlines the key positive and negative effects anxiety can have on both the individual and humanity as a whole. Because of the steady increase in diagnoses of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and similar mental illnesses, evaluating the origins of anxiety as well as its effects are crucial steps for developing both medical treatments and alternative methods of coping with the disorder. While many of the 40 million American adults suffering from anxiety believe that eliminating the feeling altogether is ideal, they fail to consider what psychologists have mounds of empirical evidence in support of: anxiety is not inherently adverse, and can, in many cases, be advantageous. Anxiety is generally understood to be a biological process in which specific symptoms, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, manifest as a response to stressful scenarios. In these potentially-fatal situations, the fight-or-flight response is an evolutionary reaction developed to prevent species from engaging in behavior that could result in extreme negative consequences, while also preparing them for possible conflict. Overall, this response is a constructive adaptation, but an issue arises when individuals face stressful, albeit non-fatal, situations. The body still experiences the same symptoms despite the absence of any “real” danger, and the person suffering from the anxiety feels as though he or she has little control over the behaviors brought on by the condition. Triggered by both genetic and environmental factors, there appears to be a wide variation in the severity of anxiety as well as what treatment methods are effective for each individual. However, many psychologists ...
A wound is an injury to living tissue caused by a cut, blow, or other impact, typically one in which the skin is cut or broken. The skin is the body’s largest organ, making up 15% of the human body. It is responsible for temperature and protection of the body from various external influences. Wound healing is the normal body response to injury, either surgical or traumatic, causing disruption of the integrity of tissues. Surgical wounds are classified according to their degree of microbiology (2014 Advanced Tissues).
Pain, a component of the somatosensory system, is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage" (1). The perception of pain serves as a defense system to maintain homeostasis, warning of injury that should be avoided and/or treated. Injured limbs actually inhibit voluntary movement to promote necessary healing processed (2). So essential is the painful response that those individuals born with congenital pain insensitivity do not react to pain, often resulting in severe, permanent tissue damage, and even premature death.
(A)Wound healing is a biological process occurring in the human body. In this lecture we had discussed about both acute and chronic wounds. An acute wound is an injury to the skin that occurs suddenly rather than over time. It heals at a predictable and expected rate according to the normal wound healing process. The chronic wounds do not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do.
Stressors initiate a response within the organism and causes changes in the body, specifically responses in the body’s autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system has two branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic autonomic nervous system helps the body deal with the stress it encounters, initiating the ‘fight or flight’ response. Once the threat has passed, the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system will take over, relaxing the body. There is a balance between these two in a healthy person. However, when someone stays on guard, using the sympathetic autonomic nervous system, all sorts of physical effects can
muscles stopped hurting Bad pain occurs immediately after exercise or for several hours. As long as the body is hot, you can not feel the full force of this pain. Then, when you rest, you will be in a sleepy state for a moment (two hours in front of a computer), then you will feel the post-traumatic pain in all its splendor. Especially after a usual sharp movement.
Do you know what it feels like to have your palms sweat, throat close up, and your fingers tremble? This is the everyday life of someone who lives with anxiety. As soon as I wake up in the morning, I hear my brain freaking out about the day ahead of me. What do I eat for breakfast? What do I do first when I get home from school? What happens if I get in a car crash on my way to school? A million thoughts at one time racing through my head. I never have the time to process all of them. Most mornings, I lay in my bed and have to take a few deep breaths to begin my hectic but not so hectic day. That’s just the beginning. It’s safe to say that I feel that I 'm an anxious person and that I have an anxiety disorder.
When a child falls and scraps their knee or gets a cut in his or her hand, their first conscious instinct is to cry and run to the nearest parent, however their body’s first instinct is to contain and coagulate the blood. Even as adults, people never have to sit there after getting a paper cut and think, “Ok body, coagulate!” The body jumps into action automatically and without any prompting from our conscious mind. In a typical wound, the body goes through four stages; hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903966/). In hemostasis, the skin constricts and a clot forms. Once the cut has coagulated, the inflammation cells enter the wound and remove invading microbes and debris. The proliferation phase overlaps with the inflammation phase to rebuild collagen and granulation tissue so a scab will appear. The ...
Inflammation which is part of the innate immune system is a process by which the body reacts to injury protecting it from infection and foreign substances with the help of the body’s white blood cells “Inflammation can be defined as the body’s local vascular and cellular response to injury caused by factors that invade and injure the body from the outside (exogenous factors) or factors within the body that result in cellular or tissue injury (endogenous) factors” (Battle, 2009, P 238). Factors such as bacteria, viruses, burns, frostbite, chemical irritants, immune reactions and physical injury are examples of factors that can cause inflammation through different mechanisms. It is a protective mechanism with rapid response that neutralizes or destroys agents that causes injury and creates a barrier that limit the injury and prevents its spread to normal tissues (Battle, 2009). Also, it has elements that removes debris and heals the wound generated by the injury. It can be divided into acute and chronic inflammation.
Pain and inflammation, both are protective responses in living organisms. However, these self-limiting conditions (with established negative feedback loops) become pathological if left uncontrolled. This review explains nociception and inflammation briefly. This is followed by detailed description of role of immune and related cells in peripheral sensitization, phenomenon of neurogenic inflammation, and, alterations at sensory ganglia and CNS due to immune system during nociception. Innate immunity plays a critical role in central sensitization and in establishing acute pain as chronic condition. Moreover, inflammatory mediators also exhibit psychological effects, thus contributing towards emotional elements associated with pain. However, there is a considerable role of immune system as analgesic and in resolution of pain. This review also attempts to enlist various novel pharmacological approaches that exhibit their actions through modification of neuro-immune interface.
Anxiety is our body’s reaction to stressful dangerous or unfamiliar situations (“What is Anxiety,” n.d.). Everyone has anxiety at times and this is necessary in human beings but some people have it much worse than others. Anxiety disorder makes life more difficult to cope with, it keeps people from sleeping, socializing with their peers and it makes it hard to concentrate (“What is Anxiety,”n.d.). So, what is the cause of anxiety? How can we tell if a person is suffering from an anxiety disorder? What are the different types of anxiety disorders around us?
According to research homeostasis is the mechanism of how the human body sustains in a consistent state of stability. Homeostasis is defined as the measure of how the body is to stay beneficial and manageable. Homeostasis maintains the human body by bodily temperature, blood flow through organs (digestive system), and also emancipates a hormone that alerts the body to preserve water in the body. As stated and asked in the question, the human body response to accidents such as wounds by clotting of the blood. The human body healing process comes through the lymphatic system. According to “The Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Book”, when the human body is unable to heal the healing wounds in which that’s results in hemorrhage. Hemorrhage