Essay On Sugarcane Production Technology

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Sugarcane production technology
Sugar cane
(Saccharum officinarum)

Botanical Description
• Botanical name: (Saccharum officinarum)
• Family: Gramineae/ poaceae
• English name: Sugar cane
• Common name: Kamad, gana
• Propagation: Vegetatively / seed
Origin and History:
• originated in ne Guinea.
• About 600 B.C. reached in India.
In 1932 it was cEconomic importance:
• GDP: 0.9%
• value addition 4.5 %.
• Total production: 49 million tonnes (ministry of Food & Agricuture)
• Area: 1.02 million ha
Per capita sugar consumption : 25-30 kg/yearultivated in sindh after construction of sukkur barabe
Botanical description
Tall perennial plant growing erect even up to 5-6 meter
4 principle parts
The root system
The stalk , leaves ,infloresense
Root system
Selt root primordial roots thin, branched and function for a limited period. provide moisture and nutrients for the growing primary shoot
Later on these 'selt roots' cease to function and die. .
Shoot roots
Roots produced from lower rings of the lower nodes Later, goes downwards, those formed near the soil surface grow in upper layer of the soil for anchorage .
These are permanent roots, are fleshy and white in color.
Stalk
Above ground portion which bears leaves and flower
Cylindrical with distinct nodes and internodes
At each node there is bud (eye)
Leaf scarf below bud raised portion of leaf(point of attachment of leaf to stalk)
Root stalk: Under ground portion of cane
Tiller
Shoot develop from lateral bud of under ground portion of cane

Leaves
Grow alternatively
Leaf(blade + ligules + sheath)
Sheath: light green color, surface is hairy
Blade: flat long 1-1.5 meter length, 5-7 cm wide prominent midrib groove on upper ...

... middle of paper ...

... ratoon cut cane 1-2 inch below soil/
Gap filling should be done
Use stubble shaver after harvesting of cane

Factors Affecting Sugar Recovery/ Sucrose%
Lot of sunshine is essensial for high sugarcane and sugar% yield
Comparison between sugar production and consumption
Total prouction = 3.77 MMT
Total compustion= 4.28 MMT
Import of sugar =1.03-70,000
Important point for better production
1. level the soil with laser land leveler
2. Sub soil or mould board must be used in land preparation
3. Use resistant varieties
4. Trench plantation should be preferred
5. Use 100-120 mond seed/acre
6. Must cover the sets
7. Fertilizer should be applied on the basis of soil survey report
8. Integrated weed mgt should be proefered
9. Earthing up should be done after 90-120 DAS
10. Integrated insect disease management
11. Ratoon should not be maintained from effected field

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