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Classroom interaction essay
Essay on classroom interaction between students
Classroom interaction essay
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A review of literature presents the background perspectives on classroom interaction and learning and also the interaction and its impact on English language teaching and learning. The research is being done in order to apply the proper interactive approach in cooperative learning and pair/group activities. In order to conduct this research, the university students and teachers will be asked to fill in the questionnaires and the results will be drawn out of their answers.
The relevant literature regarding this topic includes the “Second and Foreign Language Learning through Classroom Interaction” edited by “Joan Kelly Hall and Lorrie Stoops Verplaelse” and “Classroom Interaction for Language Teachers” by “Steve Walsh”.
The researcher is applying the theory of Bruner as he is best known for his discovery of developmental theory. Bruner holds the view that learners, whether they are adults or children usually learn best when they discover knowledge for themselves. According to him students retain the knowledge best when it is
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According to the interaction hypothesis, Secondary Language Acquisition occurs through communication breakdown and negotiation of meaning where learners ask for clarification and confirming comprehension (Long 1983). Negotiation empowers learners to provide each other with comprehensible input, to have feedback on their contribution and to restructure utterances to make meaning clear. In addition, negotiation is found helpful in acquiring new vocabulary and encourage learners to bring their inter-language into line with target language (Pica 1997).
In researcher’s perspective interaction in order to learn English language is vital. No one can properly learn English language if he is not interacting with his classmates, teachers, family members and friends
There are numerous management theories that educators can align themselves with in order to form their professional philosophy. This essays purpose is to analyse three popular Classroom management theories and models used in Australian schools today. The Theories are Goal Centred Theory, Choice Theory and Assertive Discipline. A teacher relies heavily on their sound knowledge of pertinent theory to justify their teaching decisions; this knowledge is applied when forming classroom management plans. (Lyons, Ford and Slee, 2014)
The theory of Cognitive development by Bruner can benefit greatly to overall development of the children when applied in an early years setting and in the home too. Children’s cognitive development has been viewed by different theorists, and they have found how they can help parents in their child’s development.
“Language learning is a process of developing new resources for meaning-making, and language learners need opportunities for participation in meaningful activities and interaction supported by consciousness-raising and explicit attention to language itself in all its complexity and variability” (Schleppegrell, 2013.
Jerome Seymour Bruner is an American psychologist who made signification contributions to educational, cognitive and developmental psychology. This paper will focus on who Bruner is, his main theories explained, plus a comparison between Bruner and Piaget and the effectiveness of Bruners theories in the classroom.
Long, M. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. In W.Ritchie and T.Bhatia (eds.) Handbook of Second Language Acquisition (San Diego, CA: Academic Press), 413-68.
A major proportion of class time is taken up by teachers talking in front of the classroom(Nunan & Bailey, 2009). No matter what teaching strategies or methods a teacher uses, it is necessary to give directions, explain activities and check students’ understanding (Richards & Schimdt, 1985). This clearly emphasizes the importance of teacher talk in language classrooms. Walsh (2011) claimed that teacher talk is more important in language classroom than any other classroom since in this context the language being used by teacher is not only the means of acquiring new knowledge; it is also the goal of the study.
In the 21st century, teachers experience many behavioral issues with students in the classroom and face challenges that are very difficult to resolve. School districts have different expectations about how students must behave during school and teachers have their own expectations about how students must behave in their classroom. Every educator has different classroom expectations and students must follow specific standards; therefore, the responsibility of the teacher is to discuss the standards with all students and make sure those expectations are clear. According to Jones and Jones (2016), teachers whose students made greater achievement gains were observed establishing rules and procedures, and carefully monitoring student’s work. In
WORKS CITED Krashen, Stephen. The. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Pergamon Press, 2003. 1982 Omaggio, Alice C. Teaching Language in Context.
The behavioural approach is closely linked to behaviour psychology and guides the individual towards learning a language through direct interaction which people who speak the language. The natural behaviour of learning a language is linked to first listening to the language before gradually beginning to pick works, building sentences and eventually attempting conversation (Littlewood 2002). This requires for there to be a positive stimulus which keeps presenting the learning with opportunities to hear words, learn them and reply. It’s also the responsibility of the tutor of stimulator to re-enforce the individual confidence through encouragement, acknowledgement and polite corrections. The tutor or stimulus is a very important aspect linked to learning a second language but it’s also important to remember the individual must be able to bond with the educator to secure the required response while
His early work focused on the impact of needs, motivations, expectations, and their influences on perception. Bruner believed that children are active problem solvers and that they are very capable of exploring subjects that may be difficult for them. He had four key themes in his early work. First of all, he stressed the importance of the role of structure in learning and how it may be a central part in teaching. Next, Bruner introduced the ideas of readiness for learning and spiral curriculum. He believed that any subject could be taught to children at any stage of development as long as it fits the child’s cognitive ability. On the other hand, spiral curriculum is about revisiting basic ideas over and over, building on the ideas, and elaborating on the ideas until there is the full understanding of the ideas. Third, Bruner believed intuitive and analytical thinking should be encouraged and rewarded. He thought that intuitive skills were not stressed enough. Finally, the last theme is he investigated in motivation of learning. He believed that the best way to stimulate learning is interest in the subject matter. He did not like grades or class ranking at all because he believed that they were
Open learning environment refers to the shared spaces and all the activities therein and the materials provided to children within the early years education context to further enhance their learning opportunities, and provide them with a rich experience in their foundation years.
During the first day of school, a variety of different students enter the classroom. These students are excited and nervous, they have their parents by their sides who are observing the classroom walls and arrangement. From the minute the students enter the classroom, students are observing the classroom environment and notice the everything. Everything in the classroom needs to have a purpose, but provide a pleasant environment. When preparing and organizing the classrooms, teachers need to consider the different variables that impact the classroom. Classrooms can be disorganized if the walls are cluttered and have no meaning The organizations of the desks, the wall decorations, and the seating arrangements significantly impact the physical environments. Students are like sponges, they soak up everything that surrounds them. In the article A comparison of actual and preferred classroom environments as perceived by middle school students in the Journal of School Health stated “studies have shown that classroom environments are closely related to a number of aspects of student
In most institutions of learning today, the classes are made up of students from different ethnic backgrounds. These have different traditions and also speak different languages. In a typical classroom, the majority of the students will speak the same language. The teacher must then employ strategies which will accommodate all the students in the class. This will ensure that every learner gets the best quality of education. This will enable them to be better prepared for career and expressing themselves. In this paper, strategies to assist learners of the English language in their literal development for third grade learners. In the paper, three strategies that can be used by the teacher will be discussed. New strategies and research that will help the English language learners to gain in depth mastery of the language will also be discussed. Due to the widespread learning of the English language in most schools, addressing issues of the language learners is of vital importance. Teachers should have the understanding that cultures are what give someone identity and therefore no student should leave their culture for another. Instead, there should be the blending of different cultures so that students can appreciate and learn from each other.
Jerome Bruner, a constructivist, suggested three stages of cognitive growth. One of them is the iconic stage. He stated that when new information is presented, it is useful to provide a visual image and this can be true at any age. Learners will grasp complicated concepts more easily if they have an illustration. That’s why it is important to have diagrams and pictures when giving instructions. In his philosophy of constructivism, he emphasized that children learn first through experience and through physical interaction with concepts. Teachers need to provide experiences in contexts that motivate the child to learn. This is referred to as readiness. All instruction needs to be structured in such a way that the child can grasp it easily. Bruner calls this spiral organization. And, instruction needs to be designed so that it fills in the gaps in the child’s knowledge or so that the child can extrapolate from it. Bruner refers to this as going beyond the information given (Kearsley,
It is often said that what most immediately sets English apart from the other languages is the complexities but richness of its vocabulary. Most of the ELL’s feel pressure to learn a vocabulary of the second language because they want to see themselves to be a part of the society. A lack of a vocabulary knowledge can impede the transition from one culture to the other culture. Native speakers can understand non-native speaker 's conversation only if they are able to use appropriate vocabulary to convey their meaning; however, they are not able to understand if they use inappropriate vocabulary in that context which can lead them to feel alienated from the society. Without knowing the knowledge of grammar does not make any obstruction in conveying meaning, however, it does hinder someone’s conversation if they lack adequate vocabulary